--- title: Ethereum for Python Developers description: Learn how to develop for Ethereum using python-based projects and tooling lang: en incomplete: true --- Learn how to develop for Ethereum using Python-based projects and tooling Use Ethereum to create decentralized applications (or "dapps") that utilize the benefits of cryptocurrency and blockchain technology. These dapps can be trustworthy, meaning that once they are deployed to Ethereum, they will always run as programmed. They can control digital assets in order to create new kinds of financial applications. They can be decentralized, meaning that no single entity or person controls them and are nearly impossible to censor. ## Getting started with smart contracts and the Solidity language {#getting-started-with-smart-contracts-and-solidity} **Take your first steps to integrating Python with Ethereum** Need a more basic primer first? Check out [ethereum.org/learn](/learn/) or [ethereum.org/developers](/developers/). - [Blockchain Explained](https://kauri.io/article/d55684513211466da7f8cc03987607d5/blockchain-explained) - [Understanding Smart Contracts](https://kauri.io/article/e4f66c6079e74a4a9b532148d3158188/ethereum-101-part-5-the-smart-contract) - [Write your First Smart Contract](https://kauri.io/article/124b7db1d0cf4f47b414f8b13c9d66e2/remix-ide-your-first-smart-contract) - [Learn How to Compile and Deploy Solidity](https://kauri.io/article/973c5f54c4434bb1b0160cff8c695369/understanding-smart-contract-compilation-and-deployment) - [The state of Python in blockchain 2023 report](https://tradingstrategy.ai/blog/the-state-of-python-in-blockchain-in-2023) ## Beginner articles {#beginner-articles} - [web3.py Overview](https://web3py.readthedocs.io/en/latest/overview.html) - [Ethereum Python Ecosystem Tour](https://snakecharmers.ethereum.org/python-ecosystem/) - [A (Python) Developer's Guide to Ethereum](https://snakecharmers.ethereum.org/a-developers-guide-to-ethereum-pt-1/) - [Prize-Worthy: An Ethereum Python Hackathon Guide](https://snakecharmers.ethereum.org/prize-worthy/) - [An Introduction to Smart Contracts with Vyper](https://kauri.io/#collections/Getting%20Started/an-introduction-to-smart-contracts-with-vyper/) - [How to develop Ethereum contract using Python Flask?](https://medium.com/coinmonks/how-to-develop-ethereum-contract-using-python-flask-9758fe65976e) - [Intro to Web3.py ยท Ethereum For Python Developers](https://www.dappuniversity.com/articles/web3-py-intro) - [How to call a Smart Contract function using Python and web3.py](https://stackoverflow.com/questions/57580702/how-to-call-a-smart-contract-function-using-python-and-web3-py) ## Intermediate articles {#intermediate-articles} - [Friends of web3.py: Intro to Ape](https://snakecharmers.ethereum.org/intro-to-ape/) - [Dapp Development for Python Programmers](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tE-8bG35VNw) - [Creating a Python Ethereum Interface: Part 1](https://hackernoon.com/creating-a-python-ethereum-interface-part-1-4d2e47ea0f4d) - [Ethereum Smart Contracts in Python: a comprehensive(ish) guide](https://hackernoon.com/ethereum-smart-contracts-in-python-a-comprehensive-ish-guide-771b03990988) ## Advanced use patterns {#advanced-use-patterns} - [web3.py Patterns: Real-Time Event Subscriptions](https://snakecharmers.ethereum.org/subscriptions/) - [web3.py Patterns: WebSocketProvider](https://snakecharmers.ethereum.org/websocketprovider/) - [Compiling, deploying and calling Ethereum smartcontract using Python](https://yohanes.gultom.id/2018/11/28/compiling-deploying-and-calling-ethereum-smartcontract-using-python/) - [Analyze Solidity Smart Contracts with Slither](https://kauri.io/#collections/DevOps/analyze-solidity-smart-contracts-with-slither/#analyze-solidity-smart-contracts-with-slither) - [Blockchain Fintech Tutorial: Lending and Borrowing With Python](https://blog.chain.link/blockchain-fintech-defi-tutorial-lending-borrowing-python/) ## Archived articles {#archived-articles} - [Deploy your own ERC20 Token with Python and Brownie](https://betterprogramming.pub/python-blockchain-token-deployment-tutorial-create-an-erc20-77a5fd2e1a58) - [Using Brownie and Python to deploy Smart Contracts](https://dev.to/patrickalphac/using-brownie-for-to-deploy-smart-contracts-1kkp) - [Creating NFTs on OpenSea with Brownie](https://www.freecodecamp.org/news/how-to-make-an-nft-and-render-on-opensea-marketplace/) ## Python projects and tools {#python-projects-and-tools} ### Active: {#active} - [Web3.py](https://github.com/ethereum/web3.py) - _Python library for interacting with Ethereum_ - [Vyper](https://github.com/ethereum/vyper/) - _Pythonic Smart Contract Language for the EVM_ - [Titanoboa](https://github.com/vyperlang/titanoboa/) - _Vyper's native testing tool; an interpreter with mainnet forking, debugging, and pretty tracebacks_ - [Moccasin](https://github.com/Cyfrin/moccasin) - _A smart contract development and testing framework for Vyper and Python, built on Titanoboa_ - [Ape](https://github.com/ApeWorX/ape) - _The smart contract development tool for Pythonistas, Data Scientists, and Security Professionals_ - [py-evm](https://github.com/ethereum/py-evm) - _implementation of the Ethereum Virtual Machine_ - [eth-tester](https://github.com/ethereum/eth-tester) - _tools for testing Ethereum-based applications_ - [eth-utils](https://github.com/ethereum/eth-utils/) - _utility functions for working with Ethereum related codebases_ - [py-solc-x](https://pypi.org/project/py-solc-x/) - _Python wrapper around the solc solidity compiler with 0.5.x support_ - [pymaker](https://github.com/makerdao/pymaker) - _Python API for Maker contracts_ - [siwe](https://github.com/signinwithethereum/siwe-py) - _Sign in with Ethereum (siwe) for Python_ - [Web3 DeFi for Ethereum integrations](https://github.com/tradingstrategy-ai/web3-ethereum-defi) - _A Python package with ready integrations for ERC-20, Uniswap and other popular projects_ - [Wake](https://getwake.io) - _All-in-one Python framework for contracts testing, fuzzing, deployment, vulnerability scanning and code navigation (language server - [Tools for Solidity](https://marketplace.visualstudio.com/items?itemName=AckeeBlockchain.tools-for-solidity))_ - [DeFiPy](https://github.com/defipy-devs/defipy) - _Python SDK for DeFi analytics and AMM simulation across Uniswap V2/V3, Balancer, and Curve_ ### Archived / No longer maintained: {#archived--no-longer-maintained} - [Trinity](https://github.com/ethereum/trinity) - _Ethereum Python client_ - [Mamba](https://github.com/arjunaskykok/mamba) - _framework to write, compile, and deploy smart contracts written in Vyper language_ - [Brownie](https://github.com/eth-brownie/brownie) - _Python framework for deploying, testing and interacting with Ethereum smart contracts_ - [pydevp2p](https://github.com/ethereum/pydevp2p) - _implementation of the Ethereum P2P stack_ - [py-wasm](https://github.com/ethereum/py-wasm) - _Python implementation of the web assembly interpreter_ Looking for more resources? Check out [ethereum.org/developers](/developers/). ## Projects using Python tooling {#projects-using-python-tooling} The following Ethereum-based projects use tools mentioned on this page. The related open-source repositories serve as a good reference for example code and best practices. - [Yearn Finance](https://yearn.finance/) and [Yearn Vault Contracts repository](https://github.com/yearn/yearn-vaults) - [Curve](https://www.curve.finance/) and [Curve smart contracts repository](https://github.com/curvefi/curve-contract) - [BadgerDAO](https://badger.com/) and [smart contracts using Brownie toolchain](https://github.com/Badger-Finance/badger-system) - [Sushi](https://sushi.com/) uses [Python in managing and deploying their vesting contracts](https://github.com/sushiswap/sushi-vesting-protocols) - [Alpha Finance](https://alphaventuredao.io/), of Alpha Homora fame, uses [Brownie to test and deploy smart contracts](https://github.com/AlphaFinanceLab/alpha-staking-contract) ## Python Community discussion {#python-community-contributors} - [Ethereum Python Community Discord](https://discord.gg/9zk7snTfWe) for Web3.py and other Python framework discussion - [Vyper Discord](https://discord.gg/SdvKC79cJk) for Vyper smart contract programming discussion ## Other aggregated lists {#other-aggregated-lists} The Vyper wiki has an [incredible list of resources for Vyper](https://github.com/vyperlang/vyper/wiki/Vyper-tools-and-resources)