--- title: Misimbo ya operesheni kwa ajili ya EVM description: Orodha ya misimbo yote ya operesheni inayopatikana kwa mashine pepe ya Ethereum. lang: sw --- Hili ni toleo lililosasishwa la ukurasa wa marejeleo wa EVM kwenye [wolflo/evm-opcodes](https://github.com/wolflo/evm-opcodes). Pia imetolewa kutoka kwenye [Waraka wa Manjano](https://ethereum.github.io/yellowpaper/paper.pdf), [Jello Paper](https://jellopaper.org/evm/), na utekelezaji wa [geth](https://github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum). Hii inakusudiwa kuwa marejeleo yanayofikika, lakini si thabiti sana. Ikiwa unataka kuwa na uhakika wa usahihi na kufahamu kila hali ya kipekee, kutumia Jello Paper au utekelezaji wa mteja kunashauriwa. Unatafuta marejeleo shirikishi? Angalia [evm.codes](https://www.evm.codes/). Kwa operesheni zenye gharama za gesi zinazobadilika, angalia [gas.md](https://github.com/wolflo/evm-opcodes/blob/main/gas.md). 💡 Kidokezo cha haraka: Ili kutazama mistari mizima, tumia `[shift] + scroll` kusogeza kwa mlalo kwenye kompyuta ya mezani. | Rundo | Jina | Gesi | Rundo la Awali | Rundo Linalotokana | Kumbukumbu / Hifadhi | Maelezo | | :---: | :------------- | :---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------: | :---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | :------------------------------ | :---------------------------------------------------------------------------- | :------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | | 00 | STOP | 0 | | | | sitisha utekelezaji | | 01 | ADD | 3 | `a, b` | `a + b` | | (u)int256 jumlisha modulo 2\*\*256 | | 02 | MUL | 5 | `a, b` | `a * b` | | (u)int256 zidisha modulo 2\*\*256 | | 03 | SUB | 3 | `a, b` | `a - b` | | (u)int256 toa modulo 2\*\*256 | | 04 | DIV | 5 | `a, b` | `a // b` | | uint256 gawanya | | 05 | SDIV | 5 | `a, b` | `a // b` | | int256 gawanya | | 06 | MOD | 5 | `a, b` | `a % b` | | uint256 moduli | | 07 | SMOD | 5 | `a, b` | `a % b` | | int256 moduli | | 08 | ADDMOD | 8 | `a, b, N` | `(a + b) % N` | | (u)int256 jumlisha modulo N | | 09 | MULMOD | 8 | `a, b, N` | `(a * b) % N` | | (u)int256 zidisha modulo N | | 0A | EXP | [A1](https://github.com/wolflo/evm-opcodes/blob/main/gas.md#a1-exp) | `a, b` | `a ** b` | | uint256 kipeo modulo 2\*\*256 | | 0B | SIGNEXTEND | 5 | `b, x` | `SIGNEXTEND(x, b)` | | [panua ishara](https://wikipedia.org/wiki/Sign_extension) `x` kutoka baiti `(b+1)` hadi baiti 32 | | 0C-0F | _batili_ | | 10 | LT | 3 | `a, b` | `a < b` | | uint256 ndogo-kuliko | | 11 | GT | 3 | `a, b` | `a > b` | | uint256 kubwa-kuliko | | 12 | SLT | 3 | `a, b` | `a < b` | | int256 ndogo-kuliko | | 13 | SGT | 3 | `a, b` | `a > b` | | int256 kubwa-kuliko | | 14 | EQ | 3 | `a, b` | `a == b` | | (u)int256 usawa | | 15 | ISZERO | 3 | `a` | `a == 0` | | (u)int256 nisifuri | | 16 | AND | 3 | `a, b` | `a && b` | | AND ya kibiti | | 17 | OR | 3 | `a, b` | `a \|\| b` | | OR ya kibiti | | 18 | XOR | 3 | `a, b` | `a ^ b` | | XOR ya kibiti | | 19 | NOT | 3 | `a` | `~a` | | NOT ya kibiti | | 1A | BYTE | 3 | `i, x` | `(x >> (248 - i * 8)) && 0xFF` | | baiti ya `i` ya (u)int256 `x`, kutoka kushoto | | 1B | SHL | 3 | `shift, val` | `val << shift` | | sogeza kushoto | | 1C | SHR | 3 | `shift, val` | `val >> shift` | | sogeza kimantiki kulia | | 1D | SAR | 3 | `shift, val` | `val >> shift` | | sogeza kihesabu kulia | | 1E-1F | _batili_ | | 20 | KECCAK256 | [A2](https://github.com/wolflo/evm-opcodes/blob/main/gas.md#a2-sha3) | `ost, len` | `keccak256(mem[ost:ost+len-1])` | | keccak256 | | 21-2F | _batili_ | | 30 | ADDRESS | 2 | `.` | `address(this)` | | anwani ya mkataba unaotekelezwa | | 31 | BALANCE | [A5](https://github.com/wolflo/evm-opcodes/blob/main/gas.md#a5-balance-extcodesize-extcodehash) | `addr` | `addr.balance` | | salio, katika Wei | | 32 | ORIGIN | 2 | `.` | `tx.origin` | | anwani iliyoanzisha muamala | | 33 | CALLER | 2 | `.` | `msg.sender` | | anwani ya mtumaji wa ujumbe | | 34 | CALLVALUE | 2 | `.` | `msg.value` | | thamani ya ujumbe, katika Wei | | 35 | CALLDATALOAD | 3 | `idx` | `msg.data[idx:idx+32]` | | soma neno kutoka kwenye data ya ujumbe kwenye faharisi `idx` | | 36 | CALLDATASIZE | 2 | `.` | `len(msg.data)` | | urefu wa data ya ujumbe, katika baiti | | 37 | CALLDATACOPY | [A3](https://github.com/wolflo/evm-opcodes/blob/main/gas.md#a3-copy-operations) | `dstOst, ost, len` | `.` | mem[dstOst:dstOst+len-1] := msg.data[ost:ost+len-1] | nakili data ya ujumbe | | 38 | CODESIZE | 2 | `.` | `len(this.code)` | | urefu wa msimbo wa mkataba unaotekelezwa, katika baiti | | 39 | CODECOPY | [A3](https://github.com/wolflo/evm-opcodes/blob/main/gas.md#a3-copy-operations) | `dstOst, ost, len` | `.` | | mem[dstOst:dstOst+len-1] := this.code[ost:ost+len-1] | nakili msimbo wa baiti wa mkataba unaotekelezwa | | 3A | GASPRICE | 2 | `.` | `tx.gasprice` | | bei ya gesi ya muamala, katika Wei kwa kila uniti ya gesi [\*\*](https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-1559#gasprice) | | 3B | EXTCODESIZE | [A5](https://github.com/wolflo/evm-opcodes/blob/main/gas.md#a5-balance-extcodesize-extcodehash) | `addr` | `len(addr.code)` | | ukubwa wa msimbo kwenye anwani, katika baiti | | 3C | EXTCODECOPY | [A4](https://github.com/wolflo/evm-opcodes/blob/main/gas.md#a4-extcodecopy) | `addr, dstOst, ost, len` | `.` | mem[dstOst:dstOst+len-1] := addr.code[ost:ost+len-1] | nakili msimbo kutoka `addr` | | 3D | RETURNDATASIZE | 2 | `.` | `size` | | ukubwa wa data iliyorudishwa kutoka kwenye wito wa mwisho wa nje, katika baiti | | 3E | RETURNDATACOPY | [A3](https://github.com/wolflo/evm-opcodes/blob/main/gas.md#a3-copy-operations) | `dstOst, ost, len` | `.` | mem[dstOst:dstOst+len-1] := returndata[ost:ost+len-1] | nakili data iliyorudishwa kutoka kwenye wito wa mwisho wa nje | | 3F | EXTCODEHASH | [A5](https://github.com/wolflo/evm-opcodes/blob/main/gas.md#a5-balance-extcodesize-extcodehash) | `addr` | `hash` | | heshi = addr.exists ? keccak256(addr.code) : 0 | | 40 | BLOCKHASH | 20 | `blockNum` | `blockHash(blockNum)` | | | 41 | COINBASE | 2 | `.` | `block.coinbase` | | anwani ya mpendekezaji wa kitalu cha sasa | | 42 | TIMESTAMP | 2 | `.` | `block.timestamp` | | muhuri wa muda wa kitalu cha sasa | | 43 | NUMBER | 2 | `.` | `block.number` | | nambari ya kitalu cha sasa | | 44 | PREVRANDAO | 2 | `.` | `randomness beacon` | | kinara cha unasibu | | 45 | GASLIMIT | 2 | `.` | `block.gaslimit` | | kikomo cha gesi cha kitalu cha sasa | | 46 | CHAINID | 2 | `.` | `chain_id` | | sukuma [kitambulisho cha mnyororo](https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-155) cha sasa kwenye rundo | | 47 | SELFBALANCE | 5 | `.` | `address(this).balance` | | salio la mkataba unaotekelezwa, katika Wei | | 48 | BASEFEE | 2 | `.` | `block.basefee` | | ada ya msingi ya kitalu cha sasa | | 49 | BLOBHASH | 3 | `idx` | `tx.blob_versioned_hashes[idx]` | | [EIP-4844](https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-4844) | | 4A | BLOBBASEFEE | 2 | `.` | `block.blobbasefee` | | ada ya msingi ya blobu ya kitalu cha sasa ([EIP-7516](https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-7516)) | | 4B-4F | _batili_ | | 50 | POP | 2 | `_anon` | `.` | | ondoa kipengee kutoka juu ya rundo na ukitupe | | 51 | MLOAD | 3[\*](https://github.com/wolflo/evm-opcodes/blob/main/gas.md#a0-1-memory-expansion) | `ost` | `mem[ost:ost+32]` | | soma neno kutoka kwenye kumbukumbu kwenye ofseti `ost` | | 52 | MSTORE | 3[\*](https://github.com/wolflo/evm-opcodes/blob/main/gas.md#a0-1-memory-expansion) | `ost, val` | `.` | mem[ost:ost+32] := val | andika neno kwenye kumbukumbu | | 53 | MSTORE8 | 3[\*](https://github.com/wolflo/evm-opcodes/blob/main/gas.md#a0-1-memory-expansion) | `ost, val` | `.` | mem[ost] := val && 0xFF | andika baiti moja kwenye kumbukumbu | | 54 | SLOAD | [A6](https://github.com/wolflo/evm-opcodes/blob/main/gas.md#a6-sload) | `key` | `storage[key]` | | soma neno kutoka kwenye hifadhi | | 55 | SSTORE | [A7](https://github.com/wolflo/evm-opcodes/blob/main/gas.md#a7-sstore) | `key, val` | `.` | storage[key] := val | andika neno kwenye hifadhi | | 56 | JUMP | 8 | `dst` | `.` | | `$pc := dst` weka alama kwamba `pc` inakabidhiwa tu ikiwa `dst` ni jumpdest halali | | 57 | JUMPI | 10 | `dst, condition` | `.` | | `$pc := condition ? dst : $pc + 1` | | 58 | PC | 2 | `.` | `$pc` | | kihesabu programu | | 59 | MSIZE | 2 | `.` | `len(mem)` | | ukubwa wa kumbukumbu katika muktadha wa sasa wa utekelezaji, katika baiti | | 5A | GAS | 2 | `.` | `gasRemaining` | | | 5B | JUMPDEST | 1 | | | weka alama ya mwisho halali wa kuruka | mwisho halali wa kuruka kwa mfano mwisho wa kuruka ambao hauko ndani ya data ya kusukuma | | 5C | TLOAD | 100 | `key` | `tstorage[key]` | | soma neno kutoka kwenye hifadhi ya muda ([EIP-1153](https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-1153)) | | 5D | TSTORE | 100 | `key, val` | `.` | tstorage[key] := val | andika neno kwenye hifadhi ya muda ([EIP-1153](https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-1153)) | | 5E | MCOPY | 3+3\*words+[A0](https://github.com/wolflo/evm-opcodes/blob/main/gas.md#a0-1-memory-expansion) | `dstOst, ost, len` | `.` | mem[dstOst] := mem[ost:ost+len] | nakili kumbukumbu kutoka eneo moja hadi jingine ([EIP-5656](https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-5656)) | | 5F | PUSH0 | 2 | `.` | `uint8` | | sukuma thamani isiyobadilika 0 kwenye rundo | | 60 | PUSH1 | 3 | `.` | `uint8` | | sukuma thamani ya baiti 1 kwenye rundo | | 61 | PUSH2 | 3 | `.` | `uint16` | | sukuma thamani ya baiti 2 kwenye rundo | | 62 | PUSH3 | 3 | `.` | `uint24` | | sukuma thamani ya baiti 3 kwenye rundo | | 63 | PUSH4 | 3 | `.` | `uint32` | | sukuma thamani ya baiti 4 kwenye rundo | | 64 | PUSH5 | 3 | `.` | `uint40` | | sukuma thamani ya baiti 5 kwenye rundo | | 65 | PUSH6 | 3 | `.` | `uint48` | | sukuma thamani ya baiti 6 kwenye rundo | | 66 | PUSH7 | 3 | `.` | `uint56` | | sukuma thamani ya baiti 7 kwenye rundo | | 67 | PUSH8 | 3 | `.` | `uint64` | | sukuma thamani ya baiti 8 kwenye rundo | | 68 | PUSH9 | 3 | `.` | `uint72` | | sukuma thamani ya baiti 9 kwenye rundo | | 69 | PUSH10 | 3 | `.` | `uint80` | | sukuma thamani ya baiti 10 kwenye rundo | | 6A | PUSH11 | 3 | `.` | `uint88` | | sukuma thamani ya baiti 11 kwenye rundo | | 6B | PUSH12 | 3 | `.` | `uint96` | | sukuma thamani ya baiti 12 kwenye rundo | | 6C | PUSH13 | 3 | `.` | `uint104` | | sukuma thamani ya baiti 13 kwenye rundo | | 6D | PUSH14 | 3 | `.` | `uint112` | | sukuma thamani ya baiti 14 kwenye rundo | | 6E | PUSH15 | 3 | `.` | `uint120` | | sukuma thamani ya baiti 15 kwenye rundo | | 6F | PUSH16 | 3 | `.` | `uint128` | | sukuma thamani ya baiti 16 kwenye rundo | | 70 | PUSH17 | 3 | `.` | `uint136` | | sukuma thamani ya baiti 17 kwenye rundo | | 71 | PUSH18 | 3 | `.` | `uint144` | | sukuma thamani ya baiti 18 kwenye rundo | | 72 | PUSH19 | 3 | `.` | `uint152` | | sukuma thamani ya baiti 19 kwenye rundo | | 73 | PUSH20 | 3 | `.` | `uint160` | | sukuma thamani ya baiti 20 kwenye rundo | | 74 | PUSH21 | 3 | `.` | `uint168` | | sukuma thamani ya baiti 21 kwenye rundo | | 75 | PUSH22 | 3 | `.` | `uint176` | | sukuma thamani ya baiti 22 kwenye rundo | | 76 | PUSH23 | 3 | `.` | `uint184` | | sukuma thamani ya baiti 23 kwenye rundo | | 77 | PUSH24 | 3 | `.` | `uint192` | | sukuma thamani ya baiti 24 kwenye rundo | | 78 | PUSH25 | 3 | `.` | `uint200` | | sukuma thamani ya baiti 25 kwenye rundo | | 79 | PUSH26 | 3 | `.` | `uint208` | | sukuma thamani ya baiti 26 kwenye rundo | | 7A | PUSH27 | 3 | `.` | `uint216` | | sukuma thamani ya baiti 27 kwenye rundo | | 7B | PUSH28 | 3 | `.` | `uint224` | | sukuma thamani ya baiti 28 kwenye rundo | | 7C | PUSH29 | 3 | `.` | `uint232` | | sukuma thamani ya baiti 29 kwenye rundo | | 7D | PUSH30 | 3 | `.` | `uint240` | | sukuma thamani ya baiti 30 kwenye rundo | | 7E | PUSH31 | 3 | `.` | `uint248` | | sukuma thamani ya baiti 31 kwenye rundo | | 7F | PUSH32 | 3 | `.` | `uint256` | | sukuma thamani ya baiti 32 kwenye rundo | | 80 | DUP1 | 3 | `a` | `a, a` | | nakili thamani ya 1 kwenye rundo | | 81 | DUP2 | 3 | `_, a` | `a, _, a` | | nakili thamani ya 2 kwenye rundo | | 82 | DUP3 | 3 | `_, _, a` | `a, _, _, a` | | nakili thamani ya 3 kwenye rundo | | 83 | DUP4 | 3 | `_, _, _, a` | `a, _, _, _, a` | | nakili thamani ya 4 kwenye rundo | | 84 | DUP5 | 3 | `..., a` | `a, ..., a` | | nakili thamani ya 5 kwenye rundo | | 85 | DUP6 | 3 | `..., a` | `a, ..., a` | | nakili thamani ya 6 kwenye rundo | | 86 | DUP7 | 3 | `..., a` | `a, ..., a` | | nakili thamani ya 7 kwenye rundo | | 87 | DUP8 | 3 | `..., a` | `a, ..., a` | | nakili thamani ya 8 kwenye rundo | | 88 | DUP9 | 3 | `..., a` | `a, ..., a` | | nakili thamani ya 9 kwenye rundo | | 89 | DUP10 | 3 | `..., a` | `a, ..., a` | | nakili thamani ya 10 kwenye rundo | | 8A | DUP11 | 3 | `..., a` | `a, ..., a` | | nakili thamani ya 11 kwenye rundo | | 8B | DUP12 | 3 | `..., a` | `a, ..., a` | | nakili thamani ya 12 kwenye rundo | | 8C | DUP13 | 3 | `..., a` | `a, ..., a` | | nakili thamani ya 13 kwenye rundo | | 8D | DUP14 | 3 | `..., a` | `a, ..., a` | | nakili thamani ya 14 kwenye rundo | | 8E | DUP15 | 3 | `..., a` | `a, ..., a` | | nakili thamani ya 15 kwenye rundo | | 8F | DUP16 | 3 | `..., a` | `a, ..., a` | | nakili thamani ya 16 kwenye rundo | | 90 | SWAP1 | 3 | `a, b` | `b, a` | | | 91 | SWAP2 | 3 | `a, _, b` | `b, _, a` | | | 92 | SWAP3 | 3 | `a, _, _, b` | `b, _, _, a` | | | 93 | SWAP4 | 3 | `a, _, _, _, b` | `b, _, _, _, a` | | | 94 | SWAP5 | 3 | `a, ..., b` | `b, ..., a` | | | 95 | SWAP6 | 3 | `a, ..., b` | `b, ..., a` | | | 96 | SWAP7 | 3 | `a, ..., b` | `b, ..., a` | | | 97 | SWAP8 | 3 | `a, ..., b` | `b, ..., a` | | | 98 | SWAP9 | 3 | `a, ..., b` | `b, ..., a` | | | 99 | SWAP10 | 3 | `a, ..., b` | `b, ..., a` | | | 9A | SWAP11 | 3 | `a, ..., b` | `b, ..., a` | | | 9B | SWAP12 | 3 | `a, ..., b` | `b, ..., a` | | | 9C | SWAP13 | 3 | `a, ..., b` | `b, ..., a` | | | 9D | SWAP14 | 3 | `a, ..., b` | `b, ..., a` | | | 9E | SWAP15 | 3 | `a, ..., b` | `b, ..., a` | | | 9F | SWAP16 | 3 | `a, ..., b` | `b, ..., a` | | | A0 | LOG0 | [A8](https://github.com/wolflo/evm-opcodes/blob/main/gas.md#a8-log-operations) | `ost, len` | `.` | | LOG0(memory[ost:ost+len-1]) | | A1 | LOG1 | [A8](https://github.com/wolflo/evm-opcodes/blob/main/gas.md#a8-log-operations) | `ost, len, topic0` | `.` | | LOG1(memory[ost:ost+len-1], topic0) | | A2 | LOG2 | [A8](https://github.com/wolflo/evm-opcodes/blob/main/gas.md#a8-log-operations) | `ost, len, topic0, topic1` | `.` | | LOG2(memory[ost:ost+len-1], topic0, topic1) | | A3 | LOG3 | [A8](https://github.com/wolflo/evm-opcodes/blob/main/gas.md#a8-log-operations) | `ost, len, topic0, topic1, topic2` | `.` | | LOG3(memory[ost:ost+len-1], topic0, topic1, topic2) | | A4 | LOG4 | [A8](https://github.com/wolflo/evm-opcodes/blob/main/gas.md#a8-log-operations) | `ost, len, topic0, topic1, topic2, topic3` | `.` | | LOG4(memory[ost:ost+len-1], topic0, topic1, topic2, topic3) | | A5-EF | _batili_ | | F0 | CREATE | [A9](https://github.com/wolflo/evm-opcodes/blob/main/gas.md#a9-create-operations) | `val, ost, len` | `addr` | | addr = keccak256(rlp([address(this), this.nonce])) | | F1 | CALL | [AA](https://github.com/wolflo/evm-opcodes/blob/main/gas.md#aa-call-operations) | gas, addr, val, argOst, argLen, retOst, retLen | `success` | mem[retOst:retOst+retLen-1] := returndata | | F2 | CALLCODE | [AA](https://github.com/wolflo/evm-opcodes/blob/main/gas.md#aa-call-operations) | `gas, addr, val, argOst, argLen, retOst, retLen` | `success` | mem[retOst:retOst+retLen-1] = returndata | sawa na DELEGATECALL, lakini haisambazi msg.sender na msg.value ya asili | | F3 | RETURN | 0[\*](https://github.com/wolflo/evm-opcodes/blob/main/gas.md#a0-1-memory-expansion) | `ost, len` | `.` | | return mem[ost:ost+len-1] | | F4 | DELEGATECALL | [AA](https://github.com/wolflo/evm-opcodes/blob/main/gas.md#aa-call-operations) | `gas, addr, argOst, argLen, retOst, retLen` | `success` | mem[retOst:retOst+retLen-1] := returndata | | F5 | CREATE2 | [A9](https://github.com/wolflo/evm-opcodes/blob/main/gas.md#a9-create-operations) | `val, ost, len, salt` | `addr` | | addr = keccak256(0xff ++ address(this) ++ salt ++ keccak256(mem[ost:ost+len-1]))[12:] | | F6-F9 | _batili_ | | FA | STATICCALL | [AA](https://github.com/wolflo/evm-opcodes/blob/main/gas.md#aa-call-operations) | `gas, addr, argOst, argLen, retOst, retLen` | `success` | mem[retOst:retOst+retLen-1] := returndata | | FB-FC | _batili_ | | FD | REVERT | 0[\*](https://github.com/wolflo/evm-opcodes/blob/main/gas.md#a0-1-memory-expansion) | `ost, len` | `.` | | revert(mem[ost:ost+len-1]) | | FE | INVALID | [AF](https://github.com/wolflo/evm-opcodes/blob/main/gas.md#af-invalid) | | | msimbo wa operesheni ulioteuliwa kuwa batili - [EIP-141](https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-141) | | FF | SELFDESTRUCT | [AB](https://github.com/wolflo/evm-opcodes/blob/main/gas.md#ab-selfdestruct) | `addr` | `.` | | hutuma ETH zote kwa `addr`; ikitekelezwa katika muamala sawa na mkataba ulipoundwa inaharibu mkataba |