ወደ ዋናው ይዘት ይዝለሉ

Waffle say hello world tutorial with hardhat and ethers

wafflesmart contractssoliditytestinghardhatethers.js
Beginner
MiZiet
16 ኦክቶበር 2020
4 minute read minute read

In this Waffle(opens in a new tab) tutorial, we will learn how to set up a simple "Hello world" smart contract project, using hardhat(opens in a new tab) and ethers.js(opens in a new tab). Then we will learn how to add a new functionality to our smart contract and how to test it with Waffle.

Let's start by creating a new project:

yarn init

or

npm init

and installing required packages:

yarn add -D hardhat @nomiclabs/hardhat-ethers ethers @nomiclabs/hardhat-waffle ethereum-waffle chai

or

npm install -D hardhat @nomiclabs/hardhat-ethers ethers @nomiclabs/hardhat-waffle ethereum-waffle chai

Next step is creating a sample hardhat project by running npx hardhat.

888    888                      888 888               888
888    888                      888 888               888
888    888                      888 888               888
8888888888  8888b.  888d888 .d88888 88888b.   8888b.  888888
888    888     "88b 888P"  d88" 888 888 "88b     "88b 888
888    888 .d888888 888    888  888 888  888 .d888888 888
888    888 888  888 888    Y88b 888 888  888 888  888 Y88b.
888    888 "Y888888 888     "Y88888 888  888 "Y888888  "Y888
👷 Welcome to Hardhat v2.0.3 👷‍
? What do you want to do? …
❯ Create a sample project
Create an empty hardhat.config.js
Quit
ሁሉንም አሳይ

Select Create a sample project

Our project's structure should look like this:

1MyWaffleProject
2├── contracts
3│   └── Greeter.sol
4├── node_modules
5├── scripts
6│   └── sample-script.js
7├── test
8│   └── sample-test.js
9├── .gitattributes
10├── .gitignore
11├── hardhat.config.js
12└── package.json
ሁሉንም አሳይ

Now let's talk about some of these files:

  • Greeter.sol - our smart contract written in solidity;
1contract Greeter {
2string greeting;
3
4constructor(string memory _greeting) public {
5console.log("Deploying a Greeter with greeting:", _greeting);
6greeting = _greeting;
7}
8
9function greet() public view returns (string memory) {
10return greeting;
11}
12
13function setGreeting(string memory _greeting) public {
14console.log("Changing greeting from '%s' to '%s'", greeting, _greeting);
15greeting = _greeting;
16}
17}
ሁሉንም አሳይ
 መቅዳት

Our smart contract can be divided into three parts:

  1. constructor - where we declare a string type variable called greeting,
  2. function greet - a function that will return the greeting when called,
  3. function setGreeting - a function that allows us to change the greeting value.
  • sample-test.js - our tests file
1describe("Greeter", function () {
2  it("Should return the new greeting once it's changed", async function () {
3    const Greeter = await ethers.getContractFactory("Greeter")
4    const greeter = await Greeter.deploy("Hello, world!")
5
6    await greeter.deployed()
7    expect(await greeter.greet()).to.equal("Hello, world!")
8
9    await greeter.setGreeting("Hola, mundo!")
10    expect(await greeter.greet()).to.equal("Hola, mundo!")
11  })
12})
ሁሉንም አሳይ
 መቅዳት

Next step consists of compiling our contract and running tests:

Waffle tests use Mocha (a test framework) with Chai (an assertion library). All you have to do is run npx hardhat test and wait for the following message to appear.

✓ Should return the new greeting once it's changed

Everything looks great so far, let's add some more complexity to our project

Imagine a situation where someone adds an empty string as a greeting. It wouldn't be a warm greeting, right?
Let's make sure that doesn't happen:

We want to use solidity's revert when someone passes an empty string. A good thing is that we can easily test this functionality with Waffle's chai matcher to.be.revertedWith().

1it("Should revert when passing an empty string", async () => {
2  const Greeter = await ethers.getContractFactory("Greeter")
3  const greeter = await Greeter.deploy("Hello, world!")
4
5  await greeter.deployed()
6  await expect(greeter.setGreeting("")).to.be.revertedWith(
7    "Greeting should not be empty"
8  )
9})
ሁሉንም አሳይ
 መቅዳት

Looks like our new test didn't pass:

Deploying a Greeter with greeting: Hello, world!
Changing greeting from 'Hello, world!' to 'Hola, mundo!'
    ✓ Should return the new greeting once it's changed (1514ms)
Deploying a Greeter with greeting: Hello, world!
Changing greeting from 'Hello, world!' to ''
    1) Should revert when passing an empty string
  1 passing (2s)
  1 failing
ሁሉንም አሳይ

Let's implement this functionality into our smart contract:

1require(bytes(_greeting).length > 0, "Greeting should not be empty");
 መቅዳት

Now, our setGreeting function looks like this:

1function setGreeting(string memory _greeting) public {
2require(bytes(_greeting).length > 0, "Greeting should not be empty");
3console.log("Changing greeting from '%s' to '%s'", greeting, _greeting);
4greeting = _greeting;
5}
 መቅዳት

Let's run tests again:

✓ Should return the new greeting once it's changed (1467ms)
✓ Should revert when passing an empty string (276ms)
2 passing (2s)

Congrats! You made it :)

Conclusion

We made a simple project with Waffle, Hardhat and ethers.js. We learned how to set up a project, add a test and implement new functionality.

For more great chai matchers to test your smart contracts, check official Waffle's docs(opens in a new tab).

መጨረሻ የተስተካከለው: @pettinarip(opens in a new tab), 8 ዲሴምበር 2023

ይህ ስልጠና አግዞዎት ነበር?