Ethereum for Python Developers

Learn how to develop for Ethereum using Python-based projects and tooling

Use Ethereum to create decentralized applications (or "dapps") that utilize the benefits of cryptocurrency and blockchain technology. These dapps can be trustworthy, meaning that once they are deployed to Ethereum, they will always run as programmed. They can control digital assets in order to create new kinds of financial applications. They can be decentralized, meaning that no single entity or person controls them and are nearly impossible to censor.

Getting started with smart contracts and the Solidity language

Take your first steps to integrating Python with Ethereum

Need a more basic primer first? Check out ethereum.org/learn or ethereum.org/developers.

Beginner articles

Intermediate articles

Advanced use patterns

Archived articles

Python projects and tools

Active:

Web3.py (opens in a new tab) - Python library for interacting with Ethereum
Vyper (opens in a new tab) - Pythonic Smart Contract Language for the EVM
Titanoboa (opens in a new tab) - Vyper's native testing tool; an interpreter with mainnet forking, debugging, and pretty tracebacks
Moccasin (opens in a new tab) - A smart contract development and testing framework for Vyper and Python, built on Titanoboa
Ape (opens in a new tab) - The smart contract development tool for Pythonistas, Data Scientists, and Security Professionals
py-evm (opens in a new tab) - implementation of the Ethereum Virtual Machine
eth-tester (opens in a new tab) - tools for testing Ethereum-based applications
eth-utils (opens in a new tab) - utility functions for working with Ethereum related codebases
py-solc-x (opens in a new tab) - Python wrapper around the solc solidity compiler with 0.5.x support
pymaker (opens in a new tab) - Python API for Maker contracts
siwe (opens in a new tab) - Sign in with Ethereum (siwe) for Python
Web3 DeFi for Ethereum integrations (opens in a new tab) - A Python package with ready integrations for ERC-20, Uniswap and other popular projects
Wake (opens in a new tab) - All-in-one Python framework for contracts testing, fuzzing, deployment, vulnerability scanning and code navigation (language server - Tools for Solidity (opens in a new tab))
DeFiPy (opens in a new tab) - Python SDK for DeFi analytics and AMM simulation across Uniswap V2/V3, Balancer, and Curve

Archived / No longer maintained:

Trinity (opens in a new tab) - Ethereum Python client
Mamba (opens in a new tab) - framework to write, compile, and deploy smart contracts written in Vyper language
Brownie (opens in a new tab) - Python framework for deploying, testing and interacting with Ethereum smart contracts
pydevp2p (opens in a new tab) - implementation of the Ethereum P2P stack
py-wasm (opens in a new tab) - Python implementation of the web assembly interpreter

Looking for more resources? Check out ethereum.org/developers.

Projects using Python tooling

The following Ethereum-based projects use tools mentioned on this page. The related open-source repositories serve as a good reference for example code and best practices.

Python Community discussion

Ethereum Python Community Discord (opens in a new tab) for Web3.py and other Python framework discussion
Vyper Discord (opens in a new tab) for Vyper smart contract programming discussion

Other aggregated lists

The Vyper wiki has an incredible list of resources for Vyper (opens in a new tab)