หน้าปรับปรุงล่าสุด: 27 มกราคม 2566
The history of Ethereum
A timeline of all the major milestones, forks, and updates to the Ethereum blockchain.
Looking for future protocol upgrades? Learn about upcoming upgrades to Ethereum.
2022
Paris (The Merge)
Sep-15-2022 06:42:42 AM +UTC
Summary
The Paris upgrade was triggered by the proof-of-work blockchain passing a terminal total difficulty of 58750000000000000000000. This happened at block 15537393 on 15th September 2022, triggering the Paris upgrade the next block. Paris was The Merge transition - its major feature was switching off the proof-of-work mining algorithm and associated consensus logic and switching on proof-of-stake instead. Paris itself was an upgrade to the execution clients (equivalent to Bellatrix on the consensus layer) that enabled them to take instruction from their connected consensus clients. This required a new set of internal API methods, collectively known as the Engine API, to be activated. This was arguably the most significant upgrade in Ethereum history since Homestead!
Bellatrix
Sep-06-2022 11:34:47 AM +UTC
Summary
The Bellatrix upgrade was the second scheduled upgrade for the Beacon Chain, preparing the chain for The Merge. It brings validator penalties to their full values for inactivity and slashable offenses. Bellatrix also includes an update to the fork choice rules to prepare the chain for The Merge and the transition from the last proof-of-work block to the first proof-of-stake block. This includes making consensus clients aware of the terminal total difficulty of 58750000000000000000000.
Gray Glacier
Jun-30-2022 10:54:04 AM +UTC
Summary
The Gray Glacier network upgrade pushed back the difficulty bomb by three months. This is the only change introduced in this upgrade, and is similar in nature to the Arrow Glacier and Muir Glacier upgrades. Similar changes have been performed on the Byzantium, Constantinople and London network upgrades.
2021
Arrow Glacier
Dec-09-2021 07:55:23 PM +UTC
Summary
The Arrow Glacier network upgrade pushed back the difficulty bomb by several months. This is the only change introduced in this upgrade, and is similar in nature to the Muir Glacier upgrade. Similar changes have been performed on the Byzantium, Constantinople and London network upgrades.