Web3Signer

noble cryptography 是一系列依賴性極低的 TypeScript 密碼學函式庫，優先考慮可讀的原始碼、已簽署的發布版本和透明的 npm 建置，它們是大多數現代 JavaScript 錢包（包括梅塔馬斯克 (MetaMask)、Rabby、Rainbow）以及整個生態系統中許多 SDK 的基礎。

Trezor Connect is a JavaScript SDK for integrating Trezor hardware wallet signing, including Ethereum, into applications and wallets. Builders use it when users should sign with a Trezor device.

blst is a multilingual BLS12-381 signature library and the BLS implementation behind most Ethereum consensus clients. Builders link against it in Rust, C, or Go when writing validator or consensus tooling.

The Ledger hw-app-eth package is the JavaScript API for signing Ethereum transactions and messages with a Ledger device, and it sits behind the Ledger connectors in wagmi and viem. Wallet and application builders import it to add hardware wallet signing.

py_ecc is a Python library for elliptic curve pairing operations over bn128 and BLS12-381, used by py-evm and other Python tooling. Builders import it for precompile or BLS work in Python.

eth-crypto is a set of JavaScript helpers for signing, verifying, recovering addresses, and ECIES encryption alongside ethers or web3. Builders import it for one-off cryptographic steps that the client libraries do not expose directly.