編譯智慧型合約

你需要以網頁應用程式和以太坊虛擬機 (EVM) 能夠理解的方式編譯合約。

基本資訊

在閱讀關於編譯的文章前，先閱讀智慧型合約及以太坊虛擬機簡介可能對你有幫助。

以太坊虛擬機

若要讓以太坊虛擬機能執行你的合約，合約需要以位元組碼格式編譯。編譯會將以下程式碼：

1pragma solidity 0.4.24;
2
3contract Greeter {
4
5    function greet() public constant returns (string) {
6        return "Hello";
7    }
8
9}
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轉換成：

1PUSH1 0x80 PUSH1 0x40 MSTORE PUSH1 0x4 CALLDATASIZE LT PUSH2 0x41 JUMPI PUSH1 0x0 CALLDATALOAD PUSH29 0x100000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 SWAP1 DIV PUSH4 0xFFFFFFFF AND DUP1 PUSH4 0xCFAE3217 EQ PUSH2 0x46 JUMPI JUMPDEST PUSH1 0x0 DUP1 REVERT JUMPDEST CALLVALUE DUP1 ISZERO PUSH2 0x52 JUMPI PUSH1 0x0 DUP1 REVERT JUMPDEST POP PUSH2 0x5B PUSH2 0xD6 JUMP JUMPDEST PUSH1 0x40 MLOAD DUP1 DUP1 PUSH1 0x20 ADD DUP3 DUP2 SUB DUP3 MSTORE DUP4 DUP2 DUP2 MLOAD DUP2 MSTORE PUSH1 0x20 ADD SWAP2 POP DUP1 MLOAD SWAP1 PUSH1 0x20 ADD SWAP1 DUP1 DUP4 DUP4 PUSH1 0x0 JUMPDEST DUP4 DUP2 LT ISZERO PUSH2 0x9B JUMPI DUP1 DUP3 ADD MLOAD DUP2 DUP5 ADD MSTORE PUSH1 0x20 DUP2 ADD SWAP1 POP PUSH2 0x80 JUMP JUMPDEST POP POP POP POP SWAP1 POP SWAP1 DUP2 ADD SWAP1 PUSH1 0x1F AND DUP1 ISZERO PUSH2 0xC8 JUMPI DUP1 DUP3 SUB DUP1 MLOAD PUSH1 0x1 DUP4 PUSH1 0x20 SUB PUSH2 0x100 EXP SUB NOT AND DUP2 MSTORE PUSH1 0x20 ADD SWAP2 POP JUMPDEST POP SWAP3 POP POP POP PUSH1 0x40 MLOAD DUP1 SWAP2 SUB SWAP1 RETURN JUMPDEST PUSH1 0x60 PUSH1 0x40 DUP1 MLOAD SWAP1 DUP2 ADD PUSH1 0x40 MSTORE DUP1 PUSH1 0x5 DUP2 MSTORE PUSH1 0x20 ADD PUSH32 0x48656C6C6F000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 DUP2 MSTORE POP SWAP1 POP SWAP1 JUMP STOP LOG1 PUSH6 0x627A7A723058 KECCAK256 SLT 0xec 0xe 0xf5 0xf8 SLT 0xc7 0x2d STATICCALL ADDRESS SHR 0xdb COINBASE 0xb1 BALANCE 0xe8 0xf8 DUP14 0xda 0xad DUP13 LOG1 0x4c 0xb4 0x26 0xc2 DELEGATECALL PUSH7 0x8994D3E002900

Web 應用程式

編譯器還會生成應用程式二進制介面 (ABI)，你需要藉此讓應用程式理解你的合約，並調用合約函數。

ABI 是一個 JSON 格式檔案，描述了被部署的合約及其智慧型合約函數。這有助於彌合 Web2 和 Web3 之間的差距

JavaScript 用戶端庫會讀取應用程式二進制介面，以便你在你的 Web 應用程式介面中調用智慧型合約。

以下是 ERC-20 代幣合約的應用程式二進制介面。 ERC-20 是你可以在以太坊上交易的一種代幣。

1[
2  {
3    "constant": true,
4    "inputs": [],
5    "name": "name",
6    "outputs": [
7      {
8        "name": "",
9        "type": "string"
10      }
11    ],
12    "payable": false,
13    "stateMutability": "view",
14    "type": "function"
15  },
16  {
17    "constant": false,
18    "inputs": [
19      {
20        "name": "_spender",
21        "type": "address"
22      },
23      {
24        "name": "_value",
25        "type": "uint256"
26      }
27    ],
28    "name": "approve",
29    "outputs": [
30      {
31        "name": "",
32        "type": "bool"
33      }
34    ],
35    "payable": false,
36    "stateMutability": "nonpayable",
37    "type": "function"
38  },
39  {
40    "constant": true,
41    "inputs": [],
42    "name": "totalSupply",
43    "outputs": [
44      {
45        "name": "",
46        "type": "uint256"
47      }
48    ],
49    "payable": false,
50    "stateMutability": "view",
51    "type": "function"
52  },
53  {
54    "constant": false,
55    "inputs": [
56      {
57        "name": "_from",
58        "type": "address"
59      },
60      {
61        "name": "_to",
62        "type": "address"
63      },
64      {
65        "name": "_value",
66        "type": "uint256"
67      }
68    ],
69    "name": "transferFrom",
70    "outputs": [
71      {
72        "name": "",
73        "type": "bool"
74      }
75    ],
76    "payable": false,
77    "stateMutability": "nonpayable",
78    "type": "function"
79  },
80  {
81    "constant": true,
82    "inputs": [],
83    "name": "decimals",
84    "outputs": [
85      {
86        "name": "",
87        "type": "uint8"
88      }
89    ],
90    "payable": false,
91    "stateMutability": "view",
92    "type": "function"
93  },
94  {
95    "constant": true,
96    "inputs": [
97      {
98        "name": "_owner",
99        "type": "address"
100      }
101    ],
102    "name": "balanceOf",
103    "outputs": [
104      {
105        "name": "balance",
106        "type": "uint256"
107      }
108    ],
109    "payable": false,
110    "stateMutability": "view",
111    "type": "function"
112  },
113  {
114    "constant": true,
115    "inputs": [],
116    "name": "symbol",
117    "outputs": [
118      {
119        "name": "",
120        "type": "string"
121      }
122    ],
123    "payable": false,
124    "stateMutability": "view",
125    "type": "function"
126  },
127  {
128    "constant": false,
129    "inputs": [
130      {
131        "name": "_to",
132        "type": "address"
133      },
134      {
135        "name": "_value",
136        "type": "uint256"
137      }
138    ],
139    "name": "transfer",
140    "outputs": [
141      {
142        "name": "",
143        "type": "bool"
144      }
145    ],
146    "payable": false,
147    "stateMutability": "nonpayable",
148    "type": "function"
149  },
150  {
151    "constant": true,
152    "inputs": [
153      {
154        "name": "_owner",
155        "type": "address"
156      },
157      {
158        "name": "_spender",
159        "type": "address"
160      }
161    ],
162    "name": "allowance",
163    "outputs": [
164      {
165        "name": "",
166        "type": "uint256"
167      }
168    ],
169    "payable": false,
170    "stateMutability": "view",
171    "type": "function"
172  },
173  {
174    "payable": true,
175    "stateMutability": "payable",
176    "type": "fallback"
177  },
178  {
179    "anonymous": false,
180    "inputs": [
181      {
182        "indexed": true,
183        "name": "owner",
184        "type": "address"
185      },
186      {
187        "indexed": true,
188        "name": "spender",
189        "type": "address"
190      },
191      {
192        "indexed": false,
193        "name": "value",
194        "type": "uint256"
195      }
196    ],
197    "name": "Approval",
198    "type": "event"
199  },
200  {
201    "anonymous": false,
202    "inputs": [
203      {
204        "indexed": true,
205        "name": "from",
206        "type": "address"
207      },
208      {
209        "indexed": true,
210        "name": "to",
211        "type": "address"
212      },
213      {
214        "indexed": false,
215        "name": "value",
216        "type": "uint256"
217      }
218    ],
219    "name": "Transfer",
220    "type": "event"
221  }
222]
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衍生閱讀

應用程式二進制介面規範(opens in a new tab) – Solidity