Pular para o conteúdo principal
Change page

Ethash

Última edição: @MCreimer(opens in a new tab), 6 de março de 2024

Ethash foi o algoritmo de mineração da prova de trabalho do Ethereum. A prova de trabalho foi agora **totalmente desativada** e o Ethereum agora está protegido usando a prova de participação. Leia mais sobre A Fusão (The Merge), prova de participação e participação (stake). Esta página é de interesse histórico!

Ethash(opens in a new tab) é uma versão modificada do algoritmo Dagger-Hashimoto. A prova de trabalho Ethash faz uso de muita memória(opens in a new tab), o que foi pensado para tornar o algoritmo ASIC resistente. Os ASICs Ethash foram eventualmente desenvolvidos, mas a mineração de GPU ainda era uma opção viável até que a prova de trabalho fosse desativada. Ethash ainda é usado para minerar outras moedas em outras redes de prova de trabalho não Ethereum.

Como o Ethash funciona?

Dificuldade de memória é alcançada com um algoritmo de prova de trabalho que requer a escolha de subconjuntos de um recurso fixo dependente do nonce e do cabeçalho do bloco. Este recurso (alguns gigabytes em tamanho) é chamado de DAG. O DAG é alterado a cada 30.000 blocos, uma janela de cerca de 125 horas chamada de período eletrônico (aproximadamente 5,2 dias) e leva um tempo para gerar. Como o DAG depende apenas da altura do bloco, ele pode ser pré-gerado, mas o cliente não precisa esperar até o final deste processo para produzir um bloco. Se os clientes não pré-geraram e armazenaram em cache os DAGs antes, a rede pode sofrer um grande atraso em blocos em cada transição de período eletrônico (epoch). Note que o DAG não precisa ser gerado para verificar a prova de trabalho, permitindo essencialmente a verificação com baixa CPU e pouca memória.

A rota geral que o algoritmo faz é a seguinte:

  1. Existe uma seed que pode ser calculada para cada bloco escaneando os cabeçalhos dos blocos até esse ponto.
  2. Da seed, pode-se calcular um cache pseudo-randômico de 16 MB. Clientes leves armazenam o cache.
  3. A partir do cache, podemos gerar um conjunto de dados de 1 GB, com a propriedade que cada item no conjunto de dados depende de apenas um pequeno número de itens do cache. Clientes e mineradores completos armazenam o conjunto de dados. O conjunto de dados cresce linearmente com o tempo.
  4. Mineração envolve pegar fatias aleatórias do conjunto de dados e fazer hashing deles juntos. A verificação pode ser feita com pouca memória usando o cache para regenerar os pedaços específicos do conjunto de dados que você precisa, então você só precisa armazenar o cache.

O grande conjunto de dados é atualizado uma vez a cada 30.000 blocos, então o maior esforço de um minerador é ler o conjunto de dados, e não fazer alterações nele.

Definições

Nós empregamos as seguintes definições:

1WORD_BYTES = 4                    # bytes in word
2DATASET_BYTES_INIT = 2**30        # bytes in dataset at genesis
3DATASET_BYTES_GROWTH = 2**23      # dataset growth per epoch
4CACHE_BYTES_INIT = 2**24          # bytes in cache at genesis
5CACHE_BYTES_GROWTH = 2**17        # cache growth per epoch
6CACHE_MULTIPLIER=1024             # Size of the DAG relative to the cache
7EPOCH_LENGTH = 30000              # blocks per epoch
8MIX_BYTES = 128                   # width of mix
9HASH_BYTES = 64                   # hash length in bytes
10DATASET_PARENTS = 256             # number of parents of each dataset element
11CACHE_ROUNDS = 3                  # number of rounds in cache production
12ACCESSES = 64                     # number of accesses in hashimoto loop
Exibir tudo

O uso de 'SHA3'

O desenvolvimento do Ethereum coincidiu com o desenvolvimento do padrão SHA3, e o processo de padrões fez uma alteração tardia no preenchimento do algoritmo de hash finalizado, para que os hashes "sha3_256" e "sha3_512" do Ethereum não sejam hashes sha3 padrão, mas uma variante muitas vezes referida como "Keccak-256" e "Keccak-512" em outros contextos. Veja a discussão, por exemplo, aqui(opens in a new tab), aqui(opens in a new tab) ou aqui(opens in a new tab).

Tenha isso em mente, já que hashes "sha3" são referidos na descrição do algoritmo abaixo.

Parâmetros

Os parâmetros do cache Ethash e do conjunto de dados dependem do número do bloco. Tamanho do cache e tamanho do conjunto de dados crescem linearmente; entretanto, sempre tomamos o mais alto prime abaixo do limiar de crescimento linear, a fim de reduzir o risco de regularidades acidentais que conduzem a comportamentos cíclicos.

1def get_cache_size(block_number):
2    sz = CACHE_BYTES_INIT + CACHE_BYTES_GROWTH * (block_number // EPOCH_LENGTH)
3    sz -= HASH_BYTES
4    while not isprime(sz / HASH_BYTES):
5        sz -= 2 * HASH_BYTES
6    return sz
7
8def get_full_size(block_number):
9    sz = DATASET_BYTES_INIT + DATASET_BYTES_GROWTH * (block_number // EPOCH_LENGTH)
10    sz -= MIX_BYTES
11    while not isprime(sz / MIX_BYTES):
12        sz -= 2 * MIX_BYTES
13    return sz
Exibir tudo
 Copiar

Tabelas de conjunto de dados e valores de tamanho do cache são fornecidos no apêndice.

Geração de cache

Agora, especificamos a função para produzir um cache:

1def mkcache(cache_size, seed):
2    n = cache_size // HASH_BYTES
3
4    # Sequentially produce the initial dataset
5    o = [sha3_512(seed)]
6    for i in range(1, n):
7        o.append(sha3_512(o[-1]))
8
9    # Use a low-round version of randmemohash
10    for _ in range(CACHE_ROUNDS):
11        for i in range(n):
12            v = o[i][0] % n
13            o[i] = sha3_512(map(xor, o[(i-1+n) % n], o[v]))
14
15    return o
Exibir tudo
 Copiar

O processo de produção de cache envolve primeiro preenchimento sequencial de 32 MB de memória e depois executar duas passagens do algoritmo RandMemoHash de Sergio Demian Lerner de Strict Memory Hard Hashing Functions (2014)(opens in a new tab). A saída é um conjunto de 524288 valores de 64-bytes.

Função de agregação de dados

Usamos um algoritmo inspirado no FNV hash(opens in a new tab) em alguns casos como um substituto não associativo para o XOR. Observe que multiplicamos o primo com a entrada completa de 32 bits, em contraste com a especificação FNV-1 que multiplica o primo por um byte (octeto) por sua vez.

1FNV_PRIME = 0x01000193
2
3def fnv(v1, v2):
4    return ((v1 * FNV_PRIME) ^ v2) % 2**32
 Copiar

Observe que até mesmo o yellow paper especifica fnv como v1*(FNV_PRIME ^ v2). Todas as implementações atuais usam consistentemente a definição acima.

Cálculo completo do conjunto de dados

Cada item de 64 bytes no conjunto de dados completo de 1 GB é calculado da seguinte forma:

1def calc_dataset_item(cache, i):
2    n = len(cache)
3    r = HASH_BYTES // WORD_BYTES
4    # initialize the mix
5    mix = copy.copy(cache[i % n])
6    mix[0] ^= i
7    mix = sha3_512(mix)
8    # fnv it with a lot of random cache nodes based on i
9    for j in range(DATASET_PARENTS):
10        cache_index = fnv(i ^ j, mix[j % r])
11        mix = map(fnv, mix, cache[cache_index % n])
12    return sha3_512(mix)
Exibir tudo
 Copiar

Essencialmente, combinamos dados de 256 nós de cache selecionados de maneira pseudo-aleatória e fazemos o hash para calcular o nó do conjunto de dados. Todo o conjunto de dados é então gerado por:

1def calc_dataset(full_size, cache):
2    return [calc_dataset_item(cache, i) for i in range(full_size // HASH_BYTES)]
 Copiar

Loop principal

Agora, especificamos o loop padrão "hashimoto" principal, onde agregamos dados do conjunto de dados completo para produzir nosso valor final para um cabeçalho em particular ou nonce. No código abaixo, header representa o hash _SHA3-256 da representação RLP de um cabeçalho de bloco _truncado, ou seja, de um cabeçalho excluindo os campos mixHash e nonce. nonce é os oito bytes de um inteiro sem sinal de 64 bits na ordem big-endian. Então nonce[::-1] é a representação little-endian de oito bytes desse valor:

1def hashimoto(header, nonce, full_size, dataset_lookup):
2    n = full_size / HASH_BYTES
3    w = MIX_BYTES // WORD_BYTES
4    mixhashes = MIX_BYTES / HASH_BYTES
5    # combine header+nonce into a 64 byte seed
6    s = sha3_512(header + nonce[::-1])
7    # start the mix with replicated s
8    mix = []
9    for _ in range(MIX_BYTES / HASH_BYTES):
10        mix.extend(s)
11    # mix in random dataset nodes
12    for i in range(ACCESSES):
13        p = fnv(i ^ s[0], mix[i % w]) % (n // mixhashes) * mixhashes
14        newdata = []
15        for j in range(MIX_BYTES / HASH_BYTES):
16            newdata.extend(dataset_lookup(p + j))
17        mix = map(fnv, mix, newdata)
18    # compress mix
19    cmix = []
20    for i in range(0, len(mix), 4):
21        cmix.append(fnv(fnv(fnv(mix[i], mix[i+1]), mix[i+2]), mix[i+3]))
22    return {
23        "mix digest": serialize_hash(cmix),
24        "result": serialize_hash(sha3_256(s+cmix))
25    }
26
27def hashimoto_light(full_size, cache, header, nonce):
28    return hashimoto(header, nonce, full_size, lambda x: calc_dataset_item(cache, x))
29
30def hashimoto_full(full_size, dataset, header, nonce):
31    return hashimoto(header, nonce, full_size, lambda x: dataset[x])
Exibir tudo
 Copiar

Essencialmente, mantemos um "mix" de 128 bytes de largura, e de maneira sequencial e repetida buscamos 128 bytes do conjunto de dados completo e usamos a função fnv para combiná-lo com o mix. 128 bytes de acesso sequencial são usados para que cada rodada do algoritmo sempre busque uma página inteira de RAM, minimizando a possibilidade de que o buffer de pesquisa de tradução perca o que os ASICs teoricamente seriam capazes de evitar.

Se a saída deste algoritmo está abaixo do alvo desejado, então o nonce é válido. Observe que a aplicação extra de sha3_256 no final garante que existe um nonce intermediário que pode ser fornecido para provar que pelo menos uma pequena quantidade de trabalho foi feita; esta rápida verificação de prova de trabalho pode ser usada para fins anti-DDoS. Serve também para dar garantias estatísticas de que o resultado é um número imparcial de 256 bits.

Mineração

O algoritmo de mineração é definido da seguinte forma:

1def mine(full_size, dataset, header, difficulty):
2    # zero-pad target to compare with hash on the same digit
3    target = zpad(encode_int(2**256 // difficulty), 64)[::-1]
4    from random import randint
5    nonce = randint(0, 2**64)
6    while hashimoto_full(full_size, dataset, header, nonce) > target:
7        nonce = (nonce + 1) % 2**64
8    return nonce
 Copiar

Definição do hash seed

Para calcular o hash seed que seria usado para minerar no topo de um determinado bloco, usamos o seguinte algoritmo:

1 def get_seedhash(block):
2     s = '\x00' * 32
3     for i in range(block.number // EPOCH_LENGTH):
4         s = serialize_hash(sha3_256(s))
5     return s
 Copiar

Observe que, para que a mineração e a verificação aconteçam sem contratempos, recomendamos pré-computar os hashes seed e conjuntos de dados futuros em threads separadas.

Leitura adicional

Conhece algum recurso da comunidade que o ajudou? Edite essa página e adicione!

Apêndice

O código a seguir deve ser precedido se você estiver interessado em executar a especificação python acima como código.

1import sha3, copy
2
3# Assumes little endian bit ordering (same as Intel architectures)
4def decode_int(s):
5    return int(s[::-1].encode('hex'), 16) if s else 0
6
7def encode_int(s):
8    a = "%x" % s
9    return '' if s == 0 else ('0' * (len(a) % 2) + a).decode('hex')[::-1]
10
11def zpad(s, length):
12    return s + '\x00' * max(0, length - len(s))
13
14def serialize_hash(h):
15    return ''.join([zpad(encode_int(x), 4) for x in h])
16
17def deserialize_hash(h):
18    return [decode_int(h[i:i+WORD_BYTES]) for i in range(0, len(h), WORD_BYTES)]
19
20def hash_words(h, sz, x):
21    if isinstance(x, list):
22        x = serialize_hash(x)
23    y = h(x)
24    return deserialize_hash(y)
25
26def serialize_cache(ds):
27    return ''.join([serialize_hash(h) for h in ds])
28
29serialize_dataset = serialize_cache
30
31# sha3 hash function, outputs 64 bytes
32def sha3_512(x):
33    return hash_words(lambda v: sha3.sha3_512(v).digest(), 64, x)
34
35def sha3_256(x):
36    return hash_words(lambda v: sha3.sha3_256(v).digest(), 32, x)
37
38def xor(a, b):
39    return a ^ b
40
41def isprime(x):
42    for i in range(2, int(x**0.5)):
43         if x % i == 0:
44             return False
45    return True
Exibir tudo
 Copiar

Tamanho dos dados

As tabelas de pesquisa a seguir fornecem aproximadamente 2.048 períodos eletrônicos (epoch) tabulados de tamanhos de dados e tamanhos de cache.

1def get_datasize(block_number):
2    return data_sizes[block_number // EPOCH_LENGTH]
3
4def get_cachesize(block_number):
5    return cache_sizes[block_number // EPOCH_LENGTH]
6
7data_sizes = [
81073739904, 1082130304, 1090514816, 1098906752, 1107293056,
91115684224, 1124070016, 1132461952, 1140849536, 1149232768,
101157627776, 1166013824, 1174404736, 1182786944, 1191180416,
111199568512, 1207958912, 1216345216, 1224732032, 1233124736,
121241513344, 1249902464, 1258290304, 1266673792, 1275067264,
131283453312, 1291844992, 1300234112, 1308619904, 1317010048,
141325397376, 1333787776, 1342176128, 1350561664, 1358954368,
151367339392, 1375731584, 1384118144, 1392507008, 1400897408,
161409284736, 1417673344, 1426062464, 1434451072, 1442839168,
171451229056, 1459615616, 1468006016, 1476394112, 1484782976,
181493171584, 1501559168, 1509948032, 1518337664, 1526726528,
191535114624, 1543503488, 1551892096, 1560278656, 1568669056,
201577056384, 1585446272, 1593831296, 1602219392, 1610610304,
211619000192, 1627386752, 1635773824, 1644164224, 1652555648,
221660943488, 1669332608, 1677721216, 1686109312, 1694497664,
231702886272, 1711274624, 1719661184, 1728047744, 1736434816,
241744829056, 1753218944, 1761606272, 1769995904, 1778382464,
251786772864, 1795157888, 1803550592, 1811937664, 1820327552,
261828711552, 1837102976, 1845488768, 1853879936, 1862269312,
271870656896, 1879048064, 1887431552, 1895825024, 1904212096,
281912601216, 1920988544, 1929379456, 1937765504, 1946156672,
291954543232, 1962932096, 1971321728, 1979707264, 1988093056,
301996487552, 2004874624, 2013262208, 2021653888, 2030039936,
312038430848, 2046819968, 2055208576, 2063596672, 2071981952,
322080373632, 2088762752, 2097149056, 2105539712, 2113928576,
332122315136, 2130700672, 2139092608, 2147483264, 2155872128,
342164257664, 2172642176, 2181035392, 2189426048, 2197814912,
352206203008, 2214587264, 2222979712, 2231367808, 2239758208,
362248145024, 2256527744, 2264922752, 2273312128, 2281701248,
372290086272, 2298476672, 2306867072, 2315251072, 2323639168,
382332032128, 2340420224, 2348808064, 2357196416, 2365580416,
392373966976, 2382363008, 2390748544, 2399139968, 2407530368,
402415918976, 2424307328, 2432695424, 2441084288, 2449472384,
412457861248, 2466247808, 2474637184, 2483026816, 2491414144,
422499803776, 2508191872, 2516582272, 2524970368, 2533359232,
432541743488, 2550134144, 2558525056, 2566913408, 2575301504,
442583686528, 2592073856, 2600467328, 2608856192, 2617240448,
452625631616, 2634022016, 2642407552, 2650796416, 2659188352,
462667574912, 2675965312, 2684352896, 2692738688, 2701130624,
472709518464, 2717907328, 2726293376, 2734685056, 2743073152,
482751462016, 2759851648, 2768232832, 2776625536, 2785017728,
492793401984, 2801794432, 2810182016, 2818571648, 2826959488,
502835349376, 2843734144, 2852121472, 2860514432, 2868900992,
512877286784, 2885676928, 2894069632, 2902451584, 2910843008,
522919234688, 2927622784, 2936011648, 2944400768, 2952789376,
532961177728, 2969565568, 2977951616, 2986338944, 2994731392,
543003120256, 3011508352, 3019895936, 3028287104, 3036675968,
553045063808, 3053452928, 3061837696, 3070228352, 3078615424,
563087003776, 3095394944, 3103782272, 3112173184, 3120562048,
573128944768, 3137339264, 3145725056, 3154109312, 3162505088,
583170893184, 3179280256, 3187669376, 3196056704, 3204445568,
593212836736, 3221224064, 3229612928, 3238002304, 3246391168,
603254778496, 3263165824, 3271556224, 3279944576, 3288332416,
613296719232, 3305110912, 3313500032, 3321887104, 3330273152,
623338658944, 3347053184, 3355440512, 3363827072, 3372220288,
633380608384, 3388997504, 3397384576, 3405774208, 3414163072,
643422551936, 3430937984, 3439328384, 3447714176, 3456104576,
653464493952, 3472883584, 3481268864, 3489655168, 3498048896,
663506434432, 3514826368, 3523213952, 3531603584, 3539987072,
673548380288, 3556763264, 3565157248, 3573545344, 3581934464,
683590324096, 3598712704, 3607098752, 3615488384, 3623877248,
693632265856, 3640646528, 3649043584, 3657430144, 3665821568,
703674207872, 3682597504, 3690984832, 3699367808, 3707764352,
713716152448, 3724541056, 3732925568, 3741318016, 3749706368,
723758091136, 3766481536, 3774872704, 3783260032, 3791650432,
733800036224, 3808427648, 3816815488, 3825204608, 3833592704,
743841981568, 3850370432, 3858755968, 3867147904, 3875536256,
753883920512, 3892313728, 3900702592, 3909087872, 3917478784,
763925868416, 3934256512, 3942645376, 3951032192, 3959422336,
773967809152, 3976200064, 3984588416, 3992974976, 4001363584,
784009751168, 4018141312, 4026530432, 4034911616, 4043308928,
794051695488, 4060084352, 4068472448, 4076862848, 4085249408,
804093640576, 4102028416, 4110413696, 4118805632, 4127194496,
814135583104, 4143971968, 4152360832, 4160746112, 4169135744,
824177525888, 4185912704, 4194303616, 4202691968, 4211076736,
834219463552, 4227855488, 4236246656, 4244633728, 4253022848,
844261412224, 4269799808, 4278184832, 4286578048, 4294962304,
854303349632, 4311743104, 4320130432, 4328521088, 4336909184,
864345295488, 4353687424, 4362073472, 4370458496, 4378852736,
874387238528, 4395630208, 4404019072, 4412407424, 4420790656,
884429182848, 4437571456, 4445962112, 4454344064, 4462738048,
894471119232, 4479516544, 4487904128, 4496289664, 4504682368,
904513068416, 4521459584, 4529846144, 4538232704, 4546619776,
914555010176, 4563402112, 4571790208, 4580174464, 4588567936,
924596957056, 4605344896, 4613734016, 4622119808, 4630511488,
934638898816, 4647287936, 4655675264, 4664065664, 4672451968,
944680842624, 4689231488, 4697620352, 4706007424, 4714397056,
954722786176, 4731173248, 4739562368, 4747951744, 4756340608,
964764727936, 4773114496, 4781504384, 4789894784, 4798283648,
974806667648, 4815059584, 4823449472, 4831835776, 4840226176,
984848612224, 4857003392, 4865391488, 4873780096, 4882169728,
994890557312, 4898946944, 4907333248, 4915722368, 4924110976,
1004932499328, 4940889728, 4949276032, 4957666432, 4966054784,
1014974438016, 4982831488, 4991221376, 4999607168, 5007998848,
1025016386432, 5024763776, 5033164672, 5041544576, 5049941888,
1035058329728, 5066717056, 5075107456, 5083494272, 5091883904,
1045100273536, 5108662144, 5117048192, 5125436032, 5133827456,
1055142215296, 5150605184, 5158993024, 5167382144, 5175769472,
1065184157568, 5192543872, 5200936064, 5209324928, 5217711232,
1075226102656, 5234490496, 5242877312, 5251263872, 5259654016,
1085268040832, 5276434304, 5284819328, 5293209728, 5301598592,
1095309986688, 5318374784, 5326764416, 5335151488, 5343542144,
1105351929472, 5360319872, 5368706944, 5377096576, 5385484928,
1115393871232, 5402263424, 5410650496, 5419040384, 5427426944,
1125435816576, 5444205952, 5452594816, 5460981376, 5469367936,
1135477760896, 5486148736, 5494536832, 5502925952, 5511315328,
1145519703424, 5528089984, 5536481152, 5544869504, 5553256064,
1155561645696, 5570032768, 5578423936, 5586811264, 5595193216,
1165603585408, 5611972736, 5620366208, 5628750464, 5637143936,
1175645528192, 5653921408, 5662310272, 5670694784, 5679082624,
1185687474048, 5695864448, 5704251008, 5712641408, 5721030272,
1195729416832, 5737806208, 5746194304, 5754583936, 5762969984,
1205771358592, 5779748224, 5788137856, 5796527488, 5804911232,
1215813300608, 5821692544, 5830082176, 5838468992, 5846855552,
1225855247488, 5863636096, 5872024448, 5880411008, 5888799872,
1235897186432, 5905576832, 5913966976, 5922352768, 5930744704,
1245939132288, 5947522432, 5955911296, 5964299392, 5972688256,
1255981074304, 5989465472, 5997851008, 6006241408, 6014627968,
1266023015552, 6031408256, 6039796096, 6048185216, 6056574848,
1276064963456, 6073351808, 6081736064, 6090128768, 6098517632,
1286106906496, 6115289216, 6123680896, 6132070016, 6140459648,
1296148849024, 6157237376, 6165624704, 6174009728, 6182403712,
1306190792064, 6199176064, 6207569792, 6215952256, 6224345216,
1316232732544, 6241124224, 6249510272, 6257899136, 6266287744,
1326274676864, 6283065728, 6291454336, 6299843456, 6308232064,
1336316620928, 6325006208, 6333395584, 6341784704, 6350174848,
1346358562176, 6366951296, 6375337856, 6383729536, 6392119168,
1356400504192, 6408895616, 6417283456, 6425673344, 6434059136,
1366442444672, 6450837376, 6459223424, 6467613056, 6476004224,
1376484393088, 6492781952, 6501170048, 6509555072, 6517947008,
1386526336384, 6534725504, 6543112832, 6551500672, 6559888768,
1396568278656, 6576662912, 6585055616, 6593443456, 6601834112,
1406610219648, 6618610304, 6626999168, 6635385472, 6643777408,
1416652164224, 6660552832, 6668941952, 6677330048, 6685719424,
1426694107776, 6702493568, 6710882176, 6719274112, 6727662976,
1436736052096, 6744437632, 6752825984, 6761213824, 6769604224,
1446777993856, 6786383488, 6794770816, 6803158144, 6811549312,
1456819937664, 6828326528, 6836706176, 6845101696, 6853491328,
1466861880448, 6870269312, 6878655104, 6887046272, 6895433344,
1476903822208, 6912212864, 6920596864, 6928988288, 6937377152,
1486945764992, 6954149248, 6962544256, 6970928768, 6979317376,
1496987709312, 6996093824, 7004487296, 7012875392, 7021258624,
1507029652352, 7038038912, 7046427776, 7054818944, 7063207808,
1517071595136, 7079980928, 7088372608, 7096759424, 7105149824,
1527113536896, 7121928064, 7130315392, 7138699648, 7147092352,
1537155479168, 7163865728, 7172249984, 7180648064, 7189036672,
1547197424768, 7205810816, 7214196608, 7222589824, 7230975104,
1557239367552, 7247755904, 7256145536, 7264533376, 7272921472,
1567281308032, 7289694848, 7298088832, 7306471808, 7314864512,
1577323253888, 7331643008, 7340029568, 7348419712, 7356808832,
1587365196672, 7373585792, 7381973888, 7390362752, 7398750592,
1597407138944, 7415528576, 7423915648, 7432302208, 7440690304,
1607449080192, 7457472128, 7465860992, 7474249088, 7482635648,
1617491023744, 7499412608, 7507803008, 7516192384, 7524579968,
1627532967296, 7541358464, 7549745792, 7558134656, 7566524032,
1637574912896, 7583300992, 7591690112, 7600075136, 7608466816,
1647616854912, 7625244544, 7633629824, 7642020992, 7650410368,
1657658794112, 7667187328, 7675574912, 7683961984, 7692349568,
1667700739712, 7709130368, 7717519232, 7725905536, 7734295424,
1677742683264, 7751069056, 7759457408, 7767849088, 7776238208,
1687784626816, 7793014912, 7801405312, 7809792128, 7818179968,
1697826571136, 7834957184, 7843347328, 7851732352, 7860124544,
1707868512384, 7876902016, 7885287808, 7893679744, 7902067072,
1717910455936, 7918844288, 7927230848, 7935622784, 7944009344,
1727952400256, 7960786048, 7969176704, 7977565312, 7985953408,
1737994339968, 8002730368, 8011119488, 8019508096, 8027896192,
1748036285056, 8044674688, 8053062272, 8061448832, 8069838464,
1758078227328, 8086616704, 8095006592, 8103393664, 8111783552,
1768120171392, 8128560256, 8136949376, 8145336704, 8153726848,
1778162114944, 8170503296, 8178891904, 8187280768, 8195669632,
1788204058496, 8212444544, 8220834176, 8229222272, 8237612672,
1798246000768, 8254389376, 8262775168, 8271167104, 8279553664,
1808287944064, 8296333184, 8304715136, 8313108352, 8321497984,
1818329885568, 8338274432, 8346663296, 8355052928, 8363441536,
1828371828352, 8380217984, 8388606592, 8396996224, 8405384576,
1838413772672, 8422161536, 8430549376, 8438939008, 8447326592,
1848455715456, 8464104832, 8472492928, 8480882048, 8489270656,
1858497659776, 8506045312, 8514434944, 8522823808, 8531208832,
1868539602304, 8547990656, 8556378752, 8564768384, 8573154176,
1878581542784, 8589933952, 8598322816, 8606705024, 8615099264,
1888623487872, 8631876992, 8640264064, 8648653952, 8657040256,
1898665430656, 8673820544, 8682209152, 8690592128, 8698977152,
1908707374464, 8715763328, 8724151424, 8732540032, 8740928384,
1918749315712, 8757704576, 8766089344, 8774480768, 8782871936,
1928791260032, 8799645824, 8808034432, 8816426368, 8824812928,
1938833199488, 8841591424, 8849976448, 8858366336, 8866757248,
1948875147136, 8883532928, 8891923328, 8900306816, 8908700288,
1958917088384, 8925478784, 8933867392, 8942250368, 8950644608,
1968959032704, 8967420544, 8975809664, 8984197504, 8992584064,
1979000976256, 9009362048, 9017752448, 9026141312, 9034530688,
1989042917504, 9051307904, 9059694208, 9068084864, 9076471424,
1999084861824, 9093250688, 9101638528, 9110027648, 9118416512,
2009126803584, 9135188096, 9143581312, 9151969664, 9160356224,
2019168747136, 9177134464, 9185525632, 9193910144, 9202302848,
2029210690688, 9219079552, 9227465344, 9235854464, 9244244864,
2039252633472, 9261021824, 9269411456, 9277799296, 9286188928,
2049294574208, 9302965888, 9311351936, 9319740032, 9328131968,
2059336516736, 9344907392, 9353296768, 9361685888, 9370074752,
2069378463616, 9386849408, 9395239808, 9403629184, 9412016512,
2079420405376, 9428795008, 9437181568, 9445570688, 9453960832,
2089462346624, 9470738048, 9479121536, 9487515008, 9495903616,
2099504289664, 9512678528, 9521067904, 9529456256, 9537843584,
2109546233728, 9554621312, 9563011456, 9571398784, 9579788672,
2119588178304, 9596567168, 9604954496, 9613343104, 9621732992,
2129630121856, 9638508416, 9646898816, 9655283584, 9663675776,
2139672061312, 9680449664, 9688840064, 9697230464, 9705617536,
2149714003584, 9722393984, 9730772608, 9739172224, 9747561088,
2159755945344, 9764338816, 9772726144, 9781116544, 9789503872,
2169797892992, 9806282624, 9814670464, 9823056512, 9831439232,
2179839833984, 9848224384, 9856613504, 9865000576, 9873391232,
2189881772416, 9890162816, 9898556288, 9906940544, 9915333248,
2199923721088, 9932108672, 9940496512, 9948888448, 9957276544,
2209965666176, 9974048384, 9982441088, 9990830464, 9999219584,
22110007602816, 10015996544, 10024385152, 10032774016, 10041163648,
22210049548928, 10057940096, 10066329472, 10074717824, 10083105152,
22310091495296, 10099878784, 10108272256, 10116660608, 10125049216,
22410133437312, 10141825664, 10150213504, 10158601088, 10166991232,
22510175378816, 10183766144, 10192157312, 10200545408, 10208935552,
22610217322112, 10225712768, 10234099328, 10242489472, 10250876032,
22710259264896, 10267656064, 10276042624, 10284429184, 10292820352,
22810301209472, 10309598848, 10317987712, 10326375296, 10334763392,
22910343153536, 10351541632, 10359930752, 10368318592, 10376707456,
23010385096576, 10393484672, 10401867136, 10410262144, 10418647424,
23110427039104, 10435425664, 10443810176, 10452203648, 10460589952,
23210468982144, 10477369472, 10485759104, 10494147712, 10502533504,
23310510923392, 10519313536, 10527702656, 10536091264, 10544478592,
23410552867712, 10561255808, 10569642368, 10578032768, 10586423168,
23510594805632, 10603200128, 10611588992, 10619976064, 10628361344,
23610636754048, 10645143424, 10653531776, 10661920384, 10670307968,
23710678696832, 10687086464, 10695475072, 10703863168, 10712246144,
23810720639616, 10729026688, 10737414784, 10745806208, 10754190976,
23910762581376, 10770971264, 10779356288, 10787747456, 10796135552,
24010804525184, 10812915584, 10821301888, 10829692288, 10838078336,
24110846469248, 10854858368, 10863247232, 10871631488, 10880023424,
24210888412032, 10896799616, 10905188992, 10913574016, 10921964672,
24310930352768, 10938742912, 10947132544, 10955518592, 10963909504,
24410972298368, 10980687488, 10989074816, 10997462912, 11005851776,
24511014241152, 11022627712, 11031017344, 11039403904, 11047793024,
24611056184704, 11064570752, 11072960896, 11081343872, 11089737856,
24711098128256, 11106514816, 11114904448, 11123293568, 11131680128,
24811140065152, 11148458368, 11156845696, 11165236864, 11173624192,
24911182013824, 11190402688, 11198790784, 11207179136, 11215568768,
25011223957376, 11232345728, 11240734592, 11249122688, 11257511296,
25111265899648, 11274285952, 11282675584, 11291065472, 11299452544,
25211307842432, 11316231296, 11324616832, 11333009024, 11341395584,
25311349782656, 11358172288, 11366560384, 11374950016, 11383339648,
25411391721856, 11400117376, 11408504192, 11416893568, 11425283456,
25511433671552, 11442061184, 11450444672, 11458837888, 11467226752,
25611475611776, 11484003968, 11492392064, 11500780672, 11509169024,
25711517550976, 11525944448, 11534335616, 11542724224, 11551111808,
25811559500672, 11567890304, 11576277376, 11584667008, 11593056128,
25911601443456, 11609830016, 11618221952, 11626607488, 11634995072,
26011643387776, 11651775104, 11660161664, 11668552576, 11676940928,
26111685330304, 11693718656, 11702106496, 11710496128, 11718882688,
26211727273088, 11735660416, 11744050048, 11752437376, 11760824704,
26311769216128, 11777604736, 11785991296, 11794381952, 11802770048,
26411811157888, 11819548544, 11827932544, 11836324736, 11844713344,
26511853100928, 11861486464, 11869879936, 11878268032, 11886656896,
26611895044992, 11903433088, 11911822976, 11920210816, 11928600448,
26711936987264, 11945375872, 11953761152, 11962151296, 11970543488,
26811978928512, 11987320448, 11995708288, 12004095104, 12012486272,
26912020875136, 12029255552, 12037652096, 12046039168, 12054429568,
27012062813824, 12071206528, 12079594624, 12087983744, 12096371072,
27112104759936, 12113147264, 12121534592, 12129924992, 12138314624,
27212146703232, 12155091584, 12163481216, 12171864704, 12180255872,
27312188643968, 12197034112, 12205424512, 12213811328, 12222199424,
27412230590336, 12238977664, 12247365248, 12255755392, 12264143488,
27512272531584, 12280920448, 12289309568, 12297694592, 12306086528,
27612314475392, 12322865024, 12331253632, 12339640448, 12348029312,
27712356418944, 12364805248, 12373196672, 12381580928, 12389969024,
27812398357632, 12406750592, 12415138432, 12423527552, 12431916416,
27912440304512, 12448692352, 12457081216, 12465467776, 12473859968,
28012482245504, 12490636672, 12499025536, 12507411584, 12515801728,
28112524190592, 12532577152, 12540966272, 12549354368, 12557743232,
28212566129536, 12574523264, 12582911872, 12591299456, 12599688064,
28312608074624, 12616463488, 12624845696, 12633239936, 12641631616,
28412650019968, 12658407296, 12666795136, 12675183232, 12683574656,
28512691960192, 12700350592, 12708740224, 12717128576, 12725515904,
28612733906816, 12742295168, 12750680192, 12759071872, 12767460736,
28712775848832, 12784236928, 12792626816, 12801014656, 12809404288,
28812817789312, 12826181504, 12834568832, 12842954624, 12851345792,
28912859732352, 12868122496, 12876512128, 12884901248, 12893289088,
29012901672832, 12910067584, 12918455168, 12926842496, 12935232896,
29112943620736, 12952009856, 12960396928, 12968786816, 12977176192,
29212985563776, 12993951104, 13002341504, 13010730368, 13019115392,
29313027506304, 13035895168, 13044272512, 13052673152, 13061062528,
29413069446272, 13077838976, 13086227072, 13094613632, 13103000192,
29513111393664, 13119782528, 13128157568, 13136559232, 13144945024,
29613153329536, 13161724288, 13170111872, 13178502784, 13186884736,
29713195279744, 13203667072, 13212057472, 13220445824, 13228832128,
29813237221248, 13245610624, 13254000512, 13262388352, 13270777472,
29913279166336, 13287553408, 13295943296, 13304331904, 13312719488,
30013321108096, 13329494656, 13337885824, 13346274944, 13354663808,
30113363051136, 13371439232, 13379825024, 13388210816, 13396605056,
30213404995456, 13413380224, 13421771392, 13430159744, 13438546048,
30313446937216, 13455326848, 13463708288, 13472103808, 13480492672,
30413488875648, 13497269888, 13505657728, 13514045312, 13522435712,
30513530824576, 13539210112, 13547599232, 13555989376, 13564379008,
30613572766336, 13581154432, 13589544832, 13597932928, 13606320512,
30713614710656, 13623097472, 13631477632, 13639874944, 13648264064,
30813656652928, 13665041792, 13673430656, 13681818496, 13690207616,
30913698595712, 13706982272, 13715373184, 13723762048, 13732150144,
31013740536704, 13748926592, 13757316224, 13765700992, 13774090112,
31113782477952, 13790869376, 13799259008, 13807647872, 13816036736,
31213824425344, 13832814208, 13841202304, 13849591424, 13857978752,
31313866368896, 13874754688, 13883145344, 13891533184, 13899919232,
31413908311168, 13916692096, 13925085056, 13933473152, 13941866368,
31513950253696, 13958643584, 13967032192, 13975417216, 13983807616,
31613992197504, 14000582272, 14008973696, 14017363072, 14025752192,
31714034137984, 14042528384, 14050918016, 14059301504, 14067691648,
31814076083584, 14084470144, 14092852352, 14101249664, 14109635968,
31914118024832, 14126407552, 14134804352, 14143188608, 14151577984,
32014159968384, 14168357248, 14176741504, 14185127296, 14193521024,
32114201911424, 14210301824, 14218685056, 14227067264, 14235467392,
32214243855488, 14252243072, 14260630144, 14269021568, 14277409408,
32314285799296, 14294187904, 14302571392, 14310961792, 14319353728,
32414327738752, 14336130944, 14344518784, 14352906368, 14361296512,
32514369685376, 14378071424, 14386462592, 14394848128, 14403230848,
32614411627392, 14420013952, 14428402304, 14436793472, 14445181568,
32714453569664, 14461959808, 14470347904, 14478737024, 14487122816,
32814495511424, 14503901824, 14512291712, 14520677504, 14529064832,
32914537456768, 14545845632, 14554234496, 14562618496, 14571011456,
33014579398784, 14587789184, 14596172672, 14604564608, 14612953984,
33114621341312, 14629724288, 14638120832, 14646503296, 14654897536,
33214663284864, 14671675264, 14680061056, 14688447616, 14696835968,
33314705228416, 14713616768, 14722003328, 14730392192, 14738784128,
33414747172736, 14755561088, 14763947648, 14772336512, 14780725376,
33514789110144, 14797499776, 14805892736, 14814276992, 14822670208,
33614831056256, 14839444352, 14847836032, 14856222848, 14864612992,
33714872997504, 14881388672, 14889775744, 14898165376, 14906553472,
33814914944896, 14923329664, 14931721856, 14940109696, 14948497024,
33914956887424, 14965276544, 14973663616, 14982053248, 14990439808,
34014998830976, 15007216768, 15015605888, 15023995264, 15032385152,
34115040768384, 15049154944, 15057549184, 15065939072, 15074328448,
34215082715008, 15091104128, 15099493504, 15107879296, 15116269184,
34315124659584, 15133042304, 15141431936, 15149824384, 15158214272,
34415166602368, 15174991232, 15183378304, 15191760512, 15200154496,
34515208542592, 15216931712, 15225323392, 15233708416, 15242098048,
34615250489216, 15258875264, 15267265408, 15275654528, 15284043136,
34715292431488, 15300819584, 15309208192, 15317596544, 15325986176,
34815334374784, 15342763648, 15351151744, 15359540608, 15367929728,
34915376318336, 15384706432, 15393092992, 15401481856, 15409869952,
35015418258816, 15426649984, 15435037568, 15443425664, 15451815296,
35115460203392, 15468589184, 15476979328, 15485369216, 15493755776,
35215502146944, 15510534272, 15518924416, 15527311232, 15535699072,
35315544089472, 15552478336, 15560866688, 15569254528, 15577642624,
35415586031488, 15594419072, 15602809472, 15611199104, 15619586432,
35515627975296, 15636364928, 15644753792, 15653141888, 15661529216,
35615669918848, 15678305152, 15686696576, 15695083136, 15703474048,
35715711861632, 15720251264, 15728636288, 15737027456, 15745417088,
35815753804928, 15762194048, 15770582656, 15778971008, 15787358336,
35915795747712, 15804132224, 15812523392, 15820909696, 15829300096,
36015837691264, 15846071936, 15854466944, 15862855808, 15871244672,
36115879634816, 15888020608, 15896409728, 15904799104, 15913185152,
36215921577088, 15929966464, 15938354816, 15946743424, 15955129472,
36315963519872, 15971907968, 15980296064, 15988684928, 15997073024,
36416005460864, 16013851264, 16022241152, 16030629248, 16039012736,
36516047406976, 16055794816, 16064181376, 16072571264, 16080957824,
36616089346688, 16097737856, 16106125184, 16114514816, 16122904192,
36716131292544, 16139678848, 16148066944, 16156453504, 16164839552,
36816173236096, 16181623424, 16190012032, 16198401152, 16206790528,
36916215177344, 16223567744, 16231956352, 16240344704, 16248731008,
37016257117824, 16265504384, 16273898624, 16282281856, 16290668672,
37116299064192, 16307449216, 16315842176, 16324230016, 16332613504,
37216341006464, 16349394304, 16357783168, 16366172288, 16374561664,
37316382951296, 16391337856, 16399726208, 16408116352, 16416505472,
37416424892032, 16433282176, 16441668224, 16450058624, 16458448768,
37516466836864, 16475224448, 16483613056, 16492001408, 16500391808,
37616508779648, 16517166976, 16525555328, 16533944192, 16542330752,
37716550719616, 16559110528, 16567497088, 16575888512, 16584274816,
37816592665472, 16601051008, 16609442944, 16617832064, 16626218624,
37916634607488, 16642996096, 16651385728, 16659773824, 16668163712,
38016676552576, 16684938112, 16693328768, 16701718144, 16710095488,
38116718492288, 16726883968, 16735272832, 16743661184, 16752049792,
38216760436608, 16768827008, 16777214336, 16785599104, 16793992832,
38316802381696, 16810768768, 16819151744, 16827542656, 16835934848,
38416844323712, 16852711552, 16861101952, 16869489536, 16877876864,
38516886265728, 16894653056, 16903044736, 16911431296, 16919821696,
38616928207488, 16936592768, 16944987776, 16953375616, 16961763968,
38716970152832, 16978540928, 16986929536, 16995319168, 17003704448,
38817012096896, 17020481152, 17028870784, 17037262208, 17045649536,
38917054039936, 17062426496, 17070814336, 17079205504, 17087592064,
39017095978112, 17104369024, 17112759424, 17121147776, 17129536384,
39117137926016, 17146314368, 17154700928, 17163089792, 17171480192,
39217179864192, 17188256896, 17196644992, 17205033856, 17213423488,
39317221811072, 17230198912, 17238588032, 17246976896, 17255360384,
39417263754624, 17272143232, 17280530048, 17288918912, 17297309312,
39517305696384, 17314085504, 17322475136, 17330863744, 17339252096,
39617347640192, 17356026496, 17364413824, 17372796544, 17381190016,
39717389583488, 17397972608, 17406360704, 17414748544, 17423135872,
39817431527296, 17439915904, 17448303232, 17456691584, 17465081728,
39917473468288, 17481857408, 17490247552, 17498635904, 17507022464,
40017515409024, 17523801728, 17532189824, 17540577664, 17548966016,
40117557353344, 17565741184, 17574131584, 17582519168, 17590907008,
40217599296128, 17607687808, 17616076672, 17624455808, 17632852352,
40317641238656, 17649630848, 17658018944, 17666403968, 17674794112,
40417683178368, 17691573376, 17699962496, 17708350592, 17716739968,
40517725126528, 17733517184, 17741898112, 17750293888, 17758673024,
40617767070336, 17775458432, 17783848832, 17792236928, 17800625536,
40717809012352, 17817402752, 17825785984, 17834178944, 17842563968,
40817850955648, 17859344512, 17867732864, 17876119424, 17884511872,
40917892900224, 17901287296, 17909677696, 17918058112, 17926451072,
41017934843776, 17943230848, 17951609216, 17960008576, 17968397696,
41117976784256, 17985175424, 17993564032, 18001952128, 18010339712,
41218018728576, 18027116672, 18035503232, 18043894144, 18052283264,
41318060672128, 18069056384, 18077449856, 18085837184, 18094225792,
41418102613376, 18111004544, 18119388544, 18127781248, 18136170368,
41518144558976, 18152947328, 18161336192, 18169724288, 18178108544,
41618186498944, 18194886784, 18203275648, 18211666048, 18220048768,
41718228444544, 18236833408, 18245220736]
418
419cache_sizes = [
42016776896, 16907456, 17039296, 17170112, 17301056, 17432512, 17563072,
42117693888, 17824192, 17955904, 18087488, 18218176, 18349504, 18481088,
42218611392, 18742336, 18874304, 19004224, 19135936, 19267264, 19398208,
42319529408, 19660096, 19791424, 19922752, 20053952, 20184896, 20315968,
42420446912, 20576576, 20709184, 20840384, 20971072, 21102272, 21233216,
42521364544, 21494848, 21626816, 21757376, 21887552, 22019392, 22151104,
42622281536, 22412224, 22543936, 22675264, 22806464, 22935872, 23068096,
42723198272, 23330752, 23459008, 23592512, 23723968, 23854912, 23986112,
42824116672, 24247616, 24378688, 24509504, 24640832, 24772544, 24903488,
42925034432, 25165376, 25296704, 25427392, 25558592, 25690048, 25820096,
43025951936, 26081728, 26214208, 26345024, 26476096, 26606656, 26737472,
43126869184, 26998208, 27131584, 27262528, 27393728, 27523904, 27655744,
43227786688, 27917888, 28049344, 28179904, 28311488, 28441792, 28573504,
43328700864, 28835648, 28966208, 29096768, 29228608, 29359808, 29490752,
43429621824, 29752256, 29882816, 30014912, 30144448, 30273728, 30406976,
43530538432, 30670784, 30799936, 30932672, 31063744, 31195072, 31325248,
43631456192, 31588288, 31719232, 31850432, 31981504, 32110784, 32243392,
43732372672, 32505664, 32636608, 32767808, 32897344, 33029824, 33160768,
43833289664, 33423296, 33554368, 33683648, 33816512, 33947456, 34076992,
43934208704, 34340032, 34471744, 34600256, 34734016, 34864576, 34993984,
44035127104, 35258176, 35386688, 35518528, 35650624, 35782336, 35910976,
44136044608, 36175808, 36305728, 36436672, 36568384, 36699968, 36830656,
44236961984, 37093312, 37223488, 37355072, 37486528, 37617472, 37747904,
44337879232, 38009792, 38141888, 38272448, 38403392, 38535104, 38660672,
44438795584, 38925632, 39059264, 39190336, 39320768, 39452096, 39581632,
44539713984, 39844928, 39974848, 40107968, 40238144, 40367168, 40500032,
44640631744, 40762816, 40894144, 41023552, 41155904, 41286208, 41418304,
44741547712, 41680448, 41811904, 41942848, 42073792, 42204992, 42334912,
44842467008, 42597824, 42729152, 42860096, 42991552, 43122368, 43253696,
44943382848, 43515712, 43646912, 43777088, 43907648, 44039104, 44170432,
45044302144, 44433344, 44564288, 44694976, 44825152, 44956864, 45088448,
45145219008, 45350464, 45481024, 45612608, 45744064, 45874496, 46006208,
45246136768, 46267712, 46399424, 46529344, 46660672, 46791488, 46923328,
45347053504, 47185856, 47316928, 47447872, 47579072, 47710144, 47839936,
45447971648, 48103232, 48234176, 48365248, 48496192, 48627136, 48757312,
45548889664, 49020736, 49149248, 49283008, 49413824, 49545152, 49675712,
45649807168, 49938368, 50069056, 50200256, 50331584, 50462656, 50593472,
45750724032, 50853952, 50986048, 51117632, 51248576, 51379904, 51510848,
45851641792, 51773248, 51903296, 52035136, 52164032, 52297664, 52427968,
45952557376, 52690112, 52821952, 52952896, 53081536, 53213504, 53344576,
46053475776, 53608384, 53738816, 53870528, 54000832, 54131776, 54263744,
46154394688, 54525248, 54655936, 54787904, 54918592, 55049152, 55181248,
46255312064, 55442752, 55574336, 55705024, 55836224, 55967168, 56097856,
46356228672, 56358592, 56490176, 56621888, 56753728, 56884928, 57015488,
46457146816, 57278272, 57409216, 57540416, 57671104, 57802432, 57933632,
46558064576, 58195264, 58326976, 58457408, 58588864, 58720192, 58849984,
46658981696, 59113024, 59243456, 59375552, 59506624, 59637568, 59768512,
46759897792, 60030016, 60161984, 60293056, 60423872, 60554432, 60683968,
46860817216, 60948032, 61079488, 61209664, 61341376, 61471936, 61602752,
46961733696, 61865792, 61996736, 62127808, 62259136, 62389568, 62520512,
47062651584, 62781632, 62910784, 63045056, 63176128, 63307072, 63438656,
47163569216, 63700928, 63831616, 63960896, 64093888, 64225088, 64355392,
47264486976, 64617664, 64748608, 64879424, 65009216, 65142464, 65273792,
47365402816, 65535424, 65666752, 65797696, 65927744, 66060224, 66191296,
47466321344, 66453056, 66584384, 66715328, 66846656, 66977728, 67108672,
47567239104, 67370432, 67501888, 67631296, 67763776, 67895104, 68026304,
47668157248, 68287936, 68419264, 68548288, 68681408, 68811968, 68942912,
47769074624, 69205568, 69337024, 69467584, 69599168, 69729472, 69861184,
47869989824, 70122944, 70253888, 70385344, 70515904, 70647232, 70778816,
47970907968, 71040832, 71171648, 71303104, 71432512, 71564992, 71695168,
48071826368, 71958464, 72089536, 72219712, 72350144, 72482624, 72613568,
48172744512, 72875584, 73006144, 73138112, 73268672, 73400128, 73530944,
48273662272, 73793344, 73924544, 74055104, 74185792, 74316992, 74448832,
48374579392, 74710976, 74841664, 74972864, 75102784, 75233344, 75364544,
48475497024, 75627584, 75759296, 75890624, 76021696, 76152256, 76283072,
48576414144, 76545856, 76676672, 76806976, 76937792, 77070016, 77200832,
48677331392, 77462464, 77593664, 77725376, 77856448, 77987776, 78118336,
48778249664, 78380992, 78511424, 78642496, 78773056, 78905152, 79033664,
48879166656, 79297472, 79429568, 79560512, 79690816, 79822784, 79953472,
48980084672, 80214208, 80346944, 80477632, 80608576, 80740288, 80870848,
49081002048, 81133504, 81264448, 81395648, 81525952, 81657536, 81786304,
49181919808, 82050112, 82181312, 82311616, 82443968, 82573376, 82705984,
49282835776, 82967744, 83096768, 83230528, 83359552, 83491264, 83622464,
49383753536, 83886016, 84015296, 84147776, 84277184, 84409792, 84540608,
49484672064, 84803008, 84934336, 85065152, 85193792, 85326784, 85458496,
49585589312, 85721024, 85851968, 85982656, 86112448, 86244416, 86370112,
49686506688, 86637632, 86769344, 86900672, 87031744, 87162304, 87293632,
49787424576, 87555392, 87687104, 87816896, 87947968, 88079168, 88211264,
49888341824, 88473152, 88603712, 88735424, 88862912, 88996672, 89128384,
49989259712, 89390272, 89521984, 89652544, 89783872, 89914816, 90045376,
50090177088, 90307904, 90438848, 90569152, 90700096, 90832832, 90963776,
50191093696, 91223744, 91356992, 91486784, 91618496, 91749824, 91880384,
50292012224, 92143552, 92273344, 92405696, 92536768, 92666432, 92798912,
50392926016, 93060544, 93192128, 93322816, 93453632, 93583936, 93715136,
50493845056, 93977792, 94109504, 94240448, 94371776, 94501184, 94632896,
50594764224, 94895552, 95023424, 95158208, 95287744, 95420224, 95550016,
50695681216, 95811904, 95943872, 96075328, 96203584, 96337856, 96468544,
50796599744, 96731072, 96860992, 96992576, 97124288, 97254848, 97385536,
50897517248, 97647808, 97779392, 97910464, 98041408, 98172608, 98303168,
50998434496, 98565568, 98696768, 98827328, 98958784, 99089728, 99220928,
51099352384, 99482816, 99614272, 99745472, 99876416, 100007104,
511100138048, 100267072, 100401088, 100529984, 100662592, 100791872,
512100925248, 101056064, 101187392, 101317952, 101449408, 101580608,
513101711296, 101841728, 101973824, 102104896, 102235712, 102366016,
514102498112, 102628672, 102760384, 102890432, 103021888, 103153472,
515103284032, 103415744, 103545152, 103677248, 103808576, 103939648,
516104070976, 104201792, 104332736, 104462528, 104594752, 104725952,
517104854592, 104988608, 105118912, 105247808, 105381184, 105511232,
518105643072, 105774784, 105903296, 106037056, 106167872, 106298944,
519106429504, 106561472, 106691392, 106822592, 106954304, 107085376,
520107216576, 107346368, 107478464, 107609792, 107739712, 107872192,
521108003136, 108131392, 108265408, 108396224, 108527168, 108657344,
522108789568, 108920384, 109049792, 109182272, 109312576, 109444928,
523109572928, 109706944, 109837888, 109969088, 110099648, 110230976,
524110362432, 110492992, 110624704, 110755264, 110886208, 111017408,
525111148864, 111279296, 111410752, 111541952, 111673024, 111803456,
526111933632, 112066496, 112196416, 112328512, 112457792, 112590784,
527112715968, 112852672, 112983616, 113114944, 113244224, 113376448,
528113505472, 113639104, 113770304, 113901376, 114031552, 114163264,
529114294592, 114425536, 114556864, 114687424, 114818624, 114948544,
530115080512, 115212224, 115343296, 115473472, 115605184, 115736128,
531115867072, 115997248, 116128576, 116260288, 116391488, 116522944,
532116652992, 116784704, 116915648, 117046208, 117178304, 117308608,
533117440192, 117569728, 117701824, 117833024, 117964096, 118094656,
534118225984, 118357312, 118489024, 118617536, 118749632, 118882112,
535119012416, 119144384, 119275328, 119406016, 119537344, 119668672,
536119798464, 119928896, 120061376, 120192832, 120321728, 120454336,
537120584512, 120716608, 120848192, 120979136, 121109056, 121241408,
538121372352, 121502912, 121634752, 121764416, 121895744, 122027072,
539122157632, 122289088, 122421184, 122550592, 122682944, 122813888,
540122945344, 123075776, 123207488, 123338048, 123468736, 123600704,
541123731264, 123861952, 123993664, 124124608, 124256192, 124386368,
542124518208, 124649024, 124778048, 124911296, 125041088, 125173696,
543125303744, 125432896, 125566912, 125696576, 125829056, 125958592,
544126090304, 126221248, 126352832, 126483776, 126615232, 126746432,
545126876608, 127008704, 127139392, 127270336, 127401152, 127532224,
546127663552, 127794752, 127925696, 128055232, 128188096, 128319424,
547128449856, 128581312, 128712256, 128843584, 128973632, 129103808,
548129236288, 129365696, 129498944, 129629888, 129760832, 129892288,
549130023104, 130154048, 130283968, 130416448, 130547008, 130678336,
550130807616, 130939456, 131071552, 131202112, 131331776, 131464384,
551131594048, 131727296, 131858368, 131987392, 132120256, 132250816,
552132382528, 132513728, 132644672, 132774976, 132905792, 133038016,
553133168832, 133299392, 133429312, 133562048, 133692992, 133823296,
554133954624, 134086336, 134217152, 134348608, 134479808, 134607296,
555134741056, 134872384, 135002944, 135134144, 135265472, 135396544,
556135527872, 135659072, 135787712, 135921472, 136052416, 136182848,
557136313792, 136444864, 136576448, 136707904, 136837952, 136970048,
558137099584, 137232064, 137363392, 137494208, 137625536, 137755712,
559137887424, 138018368, 138149824, 138280256, 138411584, 138539584,
560138672832, 138804928, 138936128, 139066688, 139196864, 139328704,
561139460032, 139590208, 139721024, 139852864, 139984576, 140115776,
562140245696, 140376512, 140508352, 140640064, 140769856, 140902336,
563141032768, 141162688, 141294016, 141426496, 141556544, 141687488,
564141819584, 141949888, 142080448, 142212544, 142342336, 142474432,
565142606144, 142736192, 142868288, 142997824, 143129408, 143258944,
566143392448, 143523136, 143653696, 143785024, 143916992, 144045632,
567144177856, 144309184, 144440768, 144570688, 144701888, 144832448,
568144965056, 145096384, 145227584, 145358656, 145489856, 145620928,
569145751488, 145883072, 146011456, 146144704, 146275264, 146407232,
570146538176, 146668736, 146800448, 146931392, 147062336, 147193664,
571147324224, 147455936, 147586624, 147717056, 147848768, 147979456,
572148110784, 148242368, 148373312, 148503232, 148635584, 148766144,
573148897088, 149028416, 149159488, 149290688, 149420224, 149551552,
574149683136, 149814976, 149943616, 150076352, 150208064, 150338624,
575150470464, 150600256, 150732224, 150862784, 150993088, 151125952,
576151254976, 151388096, 151519168, 151649728, 151778752, 151911104,
577152042944, 152174144, 152304704, 152435648, 152567488, 152698816,
578152828992, 152960576, 153091648, 153222976, 153353792, 153484096,
579153616192, 153747008, 153878336, 154008256, 154139968, 154270912,
580154402624, 154533824, 154663616, 154795712, 154926272, 155057984,
581155188928, 155319872, 155450816, 155580608, 155712064, 155843392,
582155971136, 156106688, 156237376, 156367424, 156499264, 156630976,
583156761536, 156892352, 157024064, 157155008, 157284416, 157415872,
584157545536, 157677248, 157810496, 157938112, 158071744, 158203328,
585158334656, 158464832, 158596288, 158727616, 158858048, 158988992,
586159121216, 159252416, 159381568, 159513152, 159645632, 159776192,
587159906496, 160038464, 160169536, 160300352, 160430656, 160563008,
588160693952, 160822208, 160956352, 161086784, 161217344, 161349184,
589161480512, 161611456, 161742272, 161873216, 162002752, 162135872,
590162266432, 162397888, 162529216, 162660032, 162790976, 162922048,
591163052096, 163184576, 163314752, 163446592, 163577408, 163707968,
592163839296, 163969984, 164100928, 164233024, 164364224, 164494912,
593164625856, 164756672, 164887616, 165019072, 165150016, 165280064,
594165412672, 165543104, 165674944, 165805888, 165936832, 166067648,
595166198336, 166330048, 166461248, 166591552, 166722496, 166854208,
596166985408, 167116736, 167246656, 167378368, 167508416, 167641024,
597167771584, 167903168, 168034112, 168164032, 168295744, 168427456,
598168557632, 168688448, 168819136, 168951616, 169082176, 169213504,
599169344832, 169475648, 169605952, 169738048, 169866304, 169999552,
600170131264, 170262464, 170393536, 170524352, 170655424, 170782016,
601170917696, 171048896, 171179072, 171310784, 171439936, 171573184,
602171702976, 171835072, 171966272, 172097216, 172228288, 172359232,
603172489664, 172621376, 172747712, 172883264, 173014208, 173144512,
604173275072, 173407424, 173539136, 173669696, 173800768, 173931712,
605174063424, 174193472, 174325696, 174455744, 174586816, 174718912,
606174849728, 174977728, 175109696, 175242688, 175374272, 175504832,
607175636288, 175765696, 175898432, 176028992, 176159936, 176291264,
608176422592, 176552512, 176684864, 176815424, 176946496, 177076544,
609177209152, 177340096, 177470528, 177600704, 177731648, 177864256,
610177994816, 178126528, 178257472, 178387648, 178518464, 178650176,
611178781888, 178912064, 179044288, 179174848, 179305024, 179436736,
612179568448, 179698496, 179830208, 179960512, 180092608, 180223808,
613180354752, 180485696, 180617152, 180748096, 180877504, 181009984,
614181139264, 181272512, 181402688, 181532608, 181663168, 181795136,
615181926592, 182057536, 182190016, 182320192, 182451904, 182582336,
616182713792, 182843072, 182976064, 183107264, 183237056, 183368384,
617183494848, 183631424, 183762752, 183893824, 184024768, 184154816,
618184286656, 184417984, 184548928, 184680128, 184810816, 184941248,
619185072704, 185203904, 185335616, 185465408, 185596352, 185727296,
620185859904, 185989696, 186121664, 186252992, 186383552, 186514112,
621186645952, 186777152, 186907328, 187037504, 187170112, 187301824,
622187429184, 187562048, 187693504, 187825472, 187957184, 188087104,
623188218304, 188349376, 188481344, 188609728, 188743616, 188874304,
624189005248, 189136448, 189265088, 189396544, 189528128, 189660992,
625189791936, 189923264, 190054208, 190182848, 190315072, 190447424,
626190577984, 190709312, 190840768, 190971328, 191102656, 191233472,
627191364032, 191495872, 191626816, 191758016, 191888192, 192020288,
628192148928, 192282176, 192413504, 192542528, 192674752, 192805952,
629192937792, 193068608, 193198912, 193330496, 193462208, 193592384,
630193723456, 193854272, 193985984, 194116672, 194247232, 194379712,
631194508352, 194641856, 194772544, 194900672, 195035072, 195166016,
632195296704, 195428032, 195558592, 195690304, 195818176, 195952576,
633196083392, 196214336, 196345792, 196476736, 196607552, 196739008,
634196869952, 197000768, 197130688, 197262784, 197394368, 197523904,
635197656384, 197787584, 197916608, 198049472, 198180544, 198310208,
636198442432, 198573632, 198705088, 198834368, 198967232, 199097792,
637199228352, 199360192, 199491392, 199621696, 199751744, 199883968,
638200014016, 200146624, 200276672, 200408128, 200540096, 200671168,
639200801984, 200933312, 201062464, 201194944, 201326144, 201457472,
640201588544, 201719744, 201850816, 201981632, 202111552, 202244032,
641202374464, 202505152, 202636352, 202767808, 202898368, 203030336,
642203159872, 203292608, 203423296, 203553472, 203685824, 203816896,
643203947712, 204078272, 204208192, 204341056, 204472256, 204603328,
644204733888, 204864448, 204996544, 205125568, 205258304, 205388864,
645205517632, 205650112, 205782208, 205913536, 206044736, 206176192,
646206307008, 206434496, 206569024, 206700224, 206831168, 206961856,
647207093056, 207223616, 207355328, 207486784, 207616832, 207749056,
648207879104, 208010048, 208141888, 208273216, 208404032, 208534336,
649208666048, 208796864, 208927424, 209059264, 209189824, 209321792,
650209451584, 209582656, 209715136, 209845568, 209976896, 210106432,
651210239296, 210370112, 210501568, 210630976, 210763712, 210894272,
652211024832, 211156672, 211287616, 211418176, 211549376, 211679296,
653211812032, 211942592, 212074432, 212204864, 212334016, 212467648,
654212597824, 212727616, 212860352, 212991424, 213120832, 213253952,
655213385024, 213515584, 213645632, 213777728, 213909184, 214040128,
656214170688, 214302656, 214433728, 214564544, 214695232, 214826048,
657214956992, 215089088, 215219776, 215350592, 215482304, 215613248,
658215743552, 215874752, 216005312, 216137024, 216267328, 216399296,
659216530752, 216661696, 216790592, 216923968, 217054528, 217183168,
660217316672, 217448128, 217579072, 217709504, 217838912, 217972672,
661218102848, 218233024, 218364736, 218496832, 218627776, 218759104,
662218888896, 219021248, 219151936, 219281728, 219413056, 219545024,
663219675968, 219807296, 219938624, 220069312, 220200128, 220331456,
664220461632, 220592704, 220725184, 220855744, 220987072, 221117888,
665221249216, 221378368, 221510336, 221642048, 221772736, 221904832,
666222031808, 222166976, 222297536, 222428992, 222559936, 222690368,
667222820672, 222953152, 223083968, 223213376, 223345984, 223476928,
668223608512, 223738688, 223869376, 224001472, 224132672, 224262848,
669224394944, 224524864, 224657344, 224788288, 224919488, 225050432,
670225181504, 225312704, 225443776, 225574592, 225704768, 225834176,
671225966784, 226097216, 226229824, 226360384, 226491712, 226623424,
672226754368, 226885312, 227015104, 227147456, 227278528, 227409472,
673227539904, 227669696, 227802944, 227932352, 228065216, 228196288,
674228326464, 228457792, 228588736, 228720064, 228850112, 228981056,
675229113152, 229243328, 229375936, 229505344, 229636928, 229769152,
676229894976, 230030272, 230162368, 230292416, 230424512, 230553152,
677230684864, 230816704, 230948416, 231079616, 231210944, 231342016,
678231472448, 231603776, 231733952, 231866176, 231996736, 232127296,
679232259392, 232388672, 232521664, 232652608, 232782272, 232914496,
680233043904, 233175616, 233306816, 233438528, 233569984, 233699776,
681233830592, 233962688, 234092224, 234221888, 234353984, 234485312,
682234618304, 234749888, 234880832, 235011776, 235142464, 235274048,
683235403456, 235535936, 235667392, 235797568, 235928768, 236057152,
684236190272, 236322752, 236453312, 236583616, 236715712, 236846528,
685236976448, 237108544, 237239104, 237371072, 237501632, 237630784,
686237764416, 237895232, 238026688, 238157632, 238286912, 238419392,
687238548032, 238681024, 238812608, 238941632, 239075008, 239206336,
688239335232, 239466944, 239599168, 239730496, 239861312, 239992384,
689240122816, 240254656, 240385856, 240516928, 240647872, 240779072,
690240909632, 241040704, 241171904, 241302848, 241433408, 241565248,
691241696192, 241825984, 241958848, 242088256, 242220224, 242352064,
692242481856, 242611648, 242744896, 242876224, 243005632, 243138496,
693243268672, 243400384, 243531712, 243662656, 243793856, 243924544,
694244054592, 244187072, 244316608, 244448704, 244580032, 244710976,
695244841536, 244972864, 245104448, 245233984, 245365312, 245497792,
696245628736, 245759936, 245889856, 246021056, 246152512, 246284224,
697246415168, 246545344, 246675904, 246808384, 246939584, 247070144,
698247199552, 247331648, 247463872, 247593536, 247726016, 247857088,
699247987648, 248116928, 248249536, 248380736, 248512064, 248643008,
700248773312, 248901056, 249036608, 249167552, 249298624, 249429184,
701249560512, 249692096, 249822784, 249954112, 250085312, 250215488,
702250345792, 250478528, 250608704, 250739264, 250870976, 251002816,
703251133632, 251263552, 251395136, 251523904, 251657792, 251789248,
704251919424, 252051392, 252182464, 252313408, 252444224, 252575552,
705252706624, 252836032, 252968512, 253099712, 253227584, 253361728,
706253493056, 253623488, 253754432, 253885504, 254017216, 254148032,
707254279488, 254410432, 254541376, 254672576, 254803264, 254933824,
708255065792, 255196736, 255326528, 255458752, 255589952, 255721408,
709255851072, 255983296, 256114624, 256244416, 256374208, 256507712,
710256636096, 256768832, 256900544, 257031616, 257162176, 257294272,
711257424448, 257555776, 257686976, 257818432, 257949632, 258079552,
712258211136, 258342464, 258473408, 258603712, 258734656, 258867008,
713258996544, 259127744, 259260224, 259391296, 259522112, 259651904,
714259784384, 259915328, 260045888, 260175424, 260308544, 260438336,
715260570944, 260700992, 260832448, 260963776, 261092672, 261226304,
716261356864, 261487936, 261619648, 261750592, 261879872, 262011968,
717262143424, 262274752, 262404416, 262537024, 262667968, 262799296,
718262928704, 263061184, 263191744, 263322944, 263454656, 263585216,
719263716672, 263847872, 263978944, 264108608, 264241088, 264371648,
720264501184, 264632768, 264764096, 264895936, 265024576, 265158464,
721265287488, 265418432, 265550528, 265681216, 265813312, 265943488,
722266075968, 266206144, 266337728, 266468032, 266600384, 266731072,
723266862272, 266993344, 267124288, 267255616, 267386432, 267516992,
724267648704, 267777728, 267910592, 268040512, 268172096, 268302784,
725268435264, 268566208, 268696256, 268828096, 268959296, 269090368,
726269221312, 269352256, 269482688, 269614784, 269745856, 269876416,
727270007616, 270139328, 270270272, 270401216, 270531904, 270663616,
728270791744, 270924736, 271056832, 271186112, 271317184, 271449536,
729271580992, 271711936, 271843136, 271973056, 272105408, 272236352,
730272367296, 272498368, 272629568, 272759488, 272891456, 273022784,
731273153856, 273284672, 273415616, 273547072, 273677632, 273808448,
732273937088, 274071488, 274200896, 274332992, 274463296, 274595392,
733274726208, 274857536, 274988992, 275118656, 275250496, 275382208,
734275513024, 275643968, 275775296, 275906368, 276037184, 276167872,
735276297664, 276429376, 276560576, 276692672, 276822976, 276955072,
736277085632, 277216832, 277347008, 277478848, 277609664, 277740992,
737277868608, 278002624, 278134336, 278265536, 278395328, 278526784,
738278657728, 278789824, 278921152, 279052096, 279182912, 279313088,
739279443776, 279576256, 279706048, 279838528, 279969728, 280099648,
740280230976, 280361408, 280493632, 280622528, 280755392, 280887104,
741281018176, 281147968, 281278912, 281411392, 281542592, 281673152,
742281803712, 281935552, 282066496, 282197312, 282329024, 282458816,
743282590272, 282720832, 282853184, 282983744, 283115072, 283246144,
744283377344, 283508416, 283639744, 283770304, 283901504, 284032576,
745284163136, 284294848, 284426176, 284556992, 284687296, 284819264,
746284950208, 285081536]
Exibir tudo
 Copiar

Este artigo foi útil?